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新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/姓名：报考专业：准考证号码：密封线内不要写题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：翻译硕士英语（ A卷B 卷）科目代码： 211考试时间： 3 小时 满分 100 分可使用的常用工具：无 计算器 直尺 圆规（请在使用工具前打）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1. Most of the earliest _ into America came from Europe.A. migrants B. emigrants C. immigrants D. inhabitants 2. His name was on the _ of my tongue, but I just couldnt remember.A. edge B. rim C. border D. tip3. I caught a _ of the name of the book before she put it into the drawer.A. glimpse B. glance C. sight D. stare4. Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly _ by the army.A. income B. allowance 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/C. wage D. salary5. I called at his house but was refused _.A. admission B. access C. reception D. admittance6. The statue would be perfect but for a few small _ in its base.A. mistakesB. weaknessesC. flawsD. errors7. Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.A. impulseB. obligationC. influenceD. sympathy8. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A. scalesB. ranksC. gradesD. patterns9. The insurance company paid him $10,000 in _ after his accident.A. installmentB. compensationC. substitutionD. commission10. He is holding a _ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/A. subordinateB. succeedingC. successiveD. subsequent11. Ill never forget _ you for the first time.A. to meet B. to have met C. meeting D. having to be meeting12. No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than13. You can never use my computer. At no time _ that machine.A. you should touch B. should you touchC. touch should you D. you touch14. Who was it _ put so many large stones on the road?A. this B. thatC. he D. she15. The boys and the girls each _ to do something different, which _ the teacher uneasy.A. want; make 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/B. wants; makesC. want; makes D. wants; make16. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. themC. which D. that17. The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers _ to resign from office.A. have asked B. were asked C. had asked D. had been asked18. He ought to attend the meeting, _?A. should he B. ought he C. shouldnt he D. oughtnt he19. _ that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A. It is believed B. Believing C. Being believed D. To believe20. Before she went abroad she spent as much time as she could _ English .A. practise to speak B. practising speaking新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/C. practise speaking D. to practise speakingPart II. Error Correction (10 points, 1 point for each) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You are required to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and write the missing word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you change a word, cross it and put your word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. Remember to write the correct number beside each blank on the answer sheet. Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. Why you consider that nearly three out of four Americans 21. _have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example,they want to impress consumers in the brand and its image. 22. _Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is expensive, and not all advertisers can afford use it. 23. _Televisions influence at advertising is four-fold. First, 24. _narrow casting means that television channels are seen by an increasing narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, 25. _for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interesting in 26. _household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/in the number of television channels unavailable to viewers 27. _and advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements which audiences are exposed. 28. _Third, digital recording devices allows audience members 29. _more control which commercials they watch. 30. _Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point for each) Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understanding involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician and even then there may be no real choice it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/the main it is the doctors judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer”. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.31. Whats the authors main purpose in writing this passage?A. To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.B. To analyze some important economic factors in health-care.C. To urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority.D. To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.32. In the health-care industry, the patients _.A. perform the role of being “providers”B. decide which physician to consultC. never raise questions about priceD. never consult with the doctors33. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday”, the doctor is in effect _.A. instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesB. warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryC. advising the patient to seek a second opinionD. admitting that the initial visit, was ineffective新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/34. Doctors are able to determine hospital policies most probably because _.A. it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB. a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patients healthC. most of the patients dont challenge the doctors decisionsD. the administration doesnt know about medicine as much as doctors35. The author is most probably leading up to _.A. an analysis of the role of the hospital administrationB. a study of lawsuits against doctors malpracticeC. a discussion of a new medical treatmentD. a proposal to control medical costsQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:A massive pool of warm ocean water is causing changes in the atmosphere that could produce unusual weather around the world in the next few months, the US National Weather Service reported on Monday. As a result of this phenomenon, known as El Nino, more rainfall than normal is likely this winter across some areas of the United States, with unusually warm or cold weather in other parts of the country.Currently the phenomenon is marked by a warm pool of water along the equator extending from the International Date Line nearly to the coast of South America. “That water is nearly 4 degrees Fahrenheit above normal”, explained Vernon Kousky of the climate center.This warm water “spreads almost a quarter of the way around the globe. So its massive and it has an impact on our weather. It has a global influence. because it disturbs the atmosphere”, said Dave Rodenhuis, director of the climate center. “El Nino is probably the most important climate event beyond the annual cycle of seasons”, he added.Because the changes tended to be first noticed around Christmas, the phenomenon was given the name El Nino, which is Spanish for child, a term often used to refer to the baby Jesus.The phenomenon occurs every three to five years, sometimes in a mild form and sometimes strongly affecting weather patterns worldwide. Details of its cause are not fully understood, but when it occurs, unusually warm air can be pumped into Canada, Alaska and the northern United 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/States. At the same time, conditions tend to be wetter than normal along the US Southeast Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. And the Atlantic and Caribbean hurricane season tends to be milder than usual.The strong El Nino of 1982-1983 was blamed for worsening the devastating drought in Africa, causing a series or severe winter storms to come ashore in California, spawning the first typhoon to strike French Polynesia in 75 years followed by five more in five months deluging Peru and Ecuador with torrential rains and promoting the worst drought in two centuries in Australia.Overall damage was estimated at between $2 billion and $8 billion by a United Nations analysis and the death toll topped l,500 worldwide.36. El Nino can best be described as _.A. unusually long period of hot or cold weatherB. unusual changes of weather around the worldC. atmospheric change caused by warm ocean waterD. rising temperature of the ocean water and atmosphere37. The warm water is affecting the weather globally because _.A. its temperature is too much above normalB. it covers a vast area in the worldC. it is one of the most important climate eventsD. its influence begins from the equator38. Which of the following is TRUE about the naming of El Nino?A. The name had something to do with Christianity.B. The name was given by a religious researcher.C. The name indicates that El Nino most usually happens around Christmas.D. The name implies that the first phenomenon of El Nino appeared in Spain.39. What is least known about El Nino according to the passage?新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/A. The climate changes caused by El Nino.B. The areas influenced by El Nino.C. How often El Nino happens.D. How El Nino is formed.40. What does the author want to tell us about El Nino by the last two paragraphs?A. The UNs concern about it. B. The measures taken against it.C. Its intensity. D. Its frequency.Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage:In the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents have resisted its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown”. Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But dont expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during or even after construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New Yorks Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60s. Millstone, completed
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