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科目代码：805科目名称：英语语言文学基础知识共4页第4页2018年硕士研究生招生考试（初试）试题单科目代码：805科目名称：英语语言文学基础知识说明：1.本试题为招生单位自命题科目。2. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题单上的一律无效。3. 考生答题时不必抄题，但必须写明题号。4. 本试题共计2大部分，满分150分。【本试题共计4页，此为第1页】Parti （注：本部分为所有考生必做）1. E-C TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and write your version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet. （45 points）I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf fbr a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. Nothing in particular/9 she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, fbr long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk fbr an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hand lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.2. C-E TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into English, and write your version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet. (45 points)最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就 是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每 天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的 生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问， 充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理 人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈的善于利用他的时间。我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。我不打麻将，我不经常的听戏看电影，几 年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。有人 向我：“那么你大部分时间都做了些什么呢？”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务上的必 须及人情上所不能免的活动之外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。我应该集中精力，读我 所未读过的书，我应该利用所有时间，写我所要写的东西，但是我没能这样做。我的 好多的时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来计划于课余之暇每年翻译两部，二十年即可完成，但 是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久， 十分惊险。翻译完成之后，虽然仍有工作计划，但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感。假使 年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。然而悔之晚矣。PART II （注：考生从A、B、C三个SECTION中选做一个， 多做无效）SECTION A TRANSLATION BASICS1. Please answer the following questions about a translation criterion. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (20 points)(1) Who put forward the translation criterion of faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance”(信、达、雅)？(2) What does each of the three aspects mean?(3) If there is a Chinese translation 迈克一九五六年出生在一个有很多人数的家庭 里” for the English sentence Mike was bom in a family of large size in 1956”, please analyze the translation with fhithfUlness” and expressiveness”.2. With the given methods translate the English sentences into Chinese, or Chinese sentences into English. (18 points)(1) Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows, (rearrangement of word order)(2) This has been our positionbut not theirs, (repetition)(3) She is fhmiliar with English. (conversion of parts of speech)(4) We should lose no time in finishing this task.(transformation of affirmative and negative expression)(5) 你必须能够发现问题,并善于分析问题。(omission)(6) 我没有得至U这样的机会。(transformation of affirmative and negative expression)3. Translate the following English sentences into Chinese, or Chinese sentences intoEnglish. (22 points)(1) The war ended with our total victory over the enemies in 1945.(2) Social anxiety symptoms often begin during when one is young.(3) We do not live to eat, but eat to live.“(4) With hard work and preparation, you can transcend any difficulties and become successful.(5) My first overseas trip was at 14 years old, which sparked my curiosity fbr the world.(6) My alarm clock stole away a lovely dream at 4:15 in the early morning.(7) 他学英语跟她学汉语一样用功。(8) 医生说他们不能肯定是否救得了他的命。(9) 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。(10) 她陪同外宾游览桂林风景。(11) 他们不愿参战，这是可以理解的。SECTION B LITERATURE BASICS1. Summarize the main plot of Moby Dick (1851) by Herman Melville. (20 Points)2. Summarize the main plot of The History of Tom Jones, Foundling (1749) by HenryFielding. (20 Points)3. James Joyce noted that the true symbol of the British Empire is Robinson Crusoe, nHe isthe true prototype of the British colonist. . The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit in Crusoe: the manly independence, the unconscious cruelty, the persistence, the slow yet efficient intelligence, the sexual apathy, the calculating taciturnity. Using textual evidences from the novel to analyze whether this statement is true or not. (20 Points)SECTION C LINGUISTIC BASICS1. Please briefly define the following terms in one sentence. (25 Points)(1) Linguistics (2) Psycholinguistics (3) Sociolinguistics (4) Computational linguistics(5) Anthropological linguistics2. Please answer the following questions briefly. (20 Points)(1) What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation?(2) What do you think is the relationship between language and thought?3. Please write an essay on the topic The Necessary Qualities of a Linguist. Pleasemake your essay no less than 300 words.(15 Points)
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