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1 青岛大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码： 915 科目名称： 英语基础综合 （共 6 页） 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 I. For each question, there are four choices of answers. Only one choice is correct. (20 points) 1. The distinction between langue and parole was put forward by _. A. Leonard Bloomfield B. Ferdinand de Saussure C. Noam Chomsky D. M. A. K. Halliday 2. Phonetic study can be conducted on three different levels. Which of the following is not one of them?, A. articulatory phonetics B. auditory phonetics D. acoustic phonetics D. functional phonetics 3. The “semantic triangle” was proposed by A. Plato and Aristotle B. Ogden and Richards C. Chomsky and Halle D. Leech and Palmer 4. Which of the following is true of the “women register”? A. Women use more “fancy” color terms. B. Women use stronger swearing words. C. Women use more slang expressions. D. Women use more direct expressions. 5. Which of the following statements is not made about sociolinguistics? A. It has contributed to a fresh look at the nature of language development and use. B. It has contributed to the development of theoretical linguistics. 2 C. It has contributed to a change of emphasis in the content of language teaching. D. It has contributed to innovations in materials and activities for the language classroom. 6. The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages proves the _ of language. A. duality B. creativity C. arbitrariness D. displacement 7. Which of the following is the correct description of the f sound? A. voiceless labiodental fricative B. voiced labiodental fricative C. voiceless labiodental stop D. voiced labiodental stop 8. _ means that a conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form. A. Calculability B. Cancellability C. Non-detachability D. Non-conventionality 9. According to _, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user. A. Roman Jacobson B. Leonard Bloomfield C. Kenneth Pike D. Noam Chomsky 10. Which of the following sentences includes a metonymy? A. By this hour the volcanic fires of his nature had burnt down. B. The kettle boils. C. Lands belong to the king. D. They have a fleet of fifty sails. 11. W. D. Howells called _ “the Lincoln of our literature.” A. Mark Twain B. Ernest Hemingway C. Nathanial Hawthorne D. William Faulkner 12. “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn” is a comment given by_. A. Nathanial Hawthorne B. William Faulkner 3 C. Ernest Hemingway D. W. D. Howells 13. Which of the following is NOT the major feature of American naturalism? A. Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment. B. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires. C. Naturalism views human beings as animals in the world. D. True reality can be found in the smiling aspects of middle-class life. 14. Which of the following is NOT the public image Ernest Hemingway created for himself? A. A big game hunter. B. A lost husband. C. A deep sea fisherman. D. A roistering drinker. 15. Which of the following is not used to describe the 1920s of America? A. The Gilded Age. B. The roaring 20s. C. The Jazz Age. D. The Dollar Decade. 16. All the following writers are Jewish Americans, which group can best represent the Jewishness in American literature? A. Bellow, Singer, Mailer, and Ginsberg. B. Bellow, Singer, Malamud, and Roth. C. Bellow, Singer, Heller, and Roth. D. Bellow, Singer, Malamud, and Mailer. 17. Which of the following is the best and most representative of the contemporary black writers? A. Toni Morrison B. Ralph Ellison C. James Baldwin D. Alice Walker 18. Faulkner was a great avant-garde experimenter. Which of the following is NOT the modern technique he employed? A. He used the device of stream of consciousness. B. He stresses authorial interference. C. He used the floating or multiple points of view. D. He used a circular form instead of a linear structure. 19. _is the only American playwright who won the Nobel Prize for 4 literature. A. Eugene ONeill B. Tennessee Williams C. Arthur Miller D. Edward Albee 20. Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet in that his subject matters mainly focus on _. A. New England B. New York C. American South D. American West II. Define the following terms. (20 points) 1. Hyponymy 2. Cooperative Principle 3. The American Dream 4. Dramatic Monologue III Answer the following questions. (40 points) 1. As students of linguistics, how should we understand the relationships between functionalism and formalism? 2. Please summarize the story of Pride and Prejudice and provide your own understanding of the novel. IV. Translate the underlined paragraphs into English. (20 points) 你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你 们一句话罢。 这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问”。以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由的研究了。趁现在5 年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰减时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问也绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年、五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。 有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题需要解决，哪有工夫去读书 ?即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问 ?” 我要对你们说：凡 是要等到有了图书馆才能读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。 至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩 !每天花一点钟看 10 页有用的书，每年可看 3600 多页， 30年可读 11 万页书。 诸位， 11 万页书可以使你成为一个学者了。可是，每天看 3 种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫； 4 圈麻将也得费你一点钟的光阴。看小报呢，还是打麻将呢，还是努力做一个学者呢 ?全靠你们自己的选择 ! 易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。” 学问便是铸器的工具，抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。 再会了 !你们的母亲眼睁睁地要看你们 10 年之后成什么器。 V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (20 points) Thousands of years ago the ancient peoples found out that days were longer in summer than in winter, and nights were shorter. They knew that this had a great deal to do with the changes of the seasons and the growth of plants and animals. They determined through generations of painstaking observation that the day was shortest in the Northern Hemisphere on the 22nd of December, after which it gradually grew longer until the 21st of June, when the day was 6 the longest in the year and the night was the shortest. After that, the day would begin to shorten again gradually. In the beginning, the actual dates of these two days had to be calculated for each individual year, and depended on what kind of calendar was being used. VI. Composition. (30 points) Write a 500-word essay about the following topic: Advice to English Learners
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