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1青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：642科目名称：基础英语(共12页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PARTI SENTENCE COMPLETION (20 points)Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, bestfits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1. House repairs , holidays, school fees and other _ have reduced hisbank balance toalmost nothing.A. amount B. payment C. expenses D. figures2. The additional work will take _ weeks.A. the other B. another two C. other two D. the more3. The boys in the dorm _ a coin to decide who would clean the floor.A. held B. tossed C. put D. collected4. The patterns of spoken language are _ from those of writing.A.distinct B. distinctive C. Distinguished D. distinguishing5. The product contains no _ colors, flavors, or preservatives.A. fake B. artificial C. false D. wrong6. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of anunarmed man and its handling of the _.A. consequence B. outcome C. result D. aftermath7. It is said that Da Vinci is a versatile man who was good at many things. Theunderlined word means：A. changeable B. competent C. adaptable D. omnipotent8. Forecasting methods and techniques are equally _ to all sectors of theeconomy.A. appreciable B. applicable C. attributive D. Attractable9.When Columbus embarked _ his historical voyage, he never imaginedthat the world history would enter into a new era.2A. upon B. In C. at D. to10.Years of civil war have wrecked the countrys infrastructure and destroyedits social _.A. tissue B. organ C. fabric D. construction11. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the _ ceasefire byan extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporary B. makeshift C. spontaneous D. temporary12. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily _behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking,the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizes B. advocates C. ignores D. advertises13. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients _with doctorsorders.A. comply B. correspond C. interfere D. interact14. It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes thebook difficult to understand.A. but B. nor C. as D. like15. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directorshope to make the contents of manuscripts more _ to scholars.A. objective B. accessible C. appealing D. implicit16. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus _ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminated B. aggravated C. minimized D.distorted17. The police managed to _ the angry crowd.A. provoke B. stimulate C. subdue D. relax18. Monica says shes looking forward to expanding her public and privateclientbase through her with Noctor.A. companion B. company C. friend D. alliance19. One of the largest companies in the world will be a newproduct in Zambia tomorrow.3A. issuing B. showing C. demonstrating D. launching20. As a heritage trail, the park includes a network of majorcultural ,principal monuments, historic sites and open spaces.A. landmarks B. houses C. cabins D. placesPARTII PROOFREADINGAND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains amaximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Youshould proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one inthe blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ ”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash“/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.The richness of our language is considered by many to be thedistinctive achievement in human evolution. Languageprovides us for the means to communicate ideas, emotions and (1) _knowledge and express our cultural identity. In Europe differentlanguages are a fact of life. The European Union considers the diversityof tongues as an inalienable component of our cultural heritage; but (2) _the principle of language equality is present in Europes foundingtreaties. Preserving linguistic diversity has been at heart of its olicy(3)_from the very beginning. However, linguistic diversity demandsa sustain and substantial investment. For example, the European (4) _institution spend considerable portions of their operational budgets ontranslation and interpretation services. For European industry andbusiness language diversity is a challenge or an asset , as the (5)_4Commission has recently pointed out in its first Communication everon a new strategic framework for multilingualism. What is sure that (6)_early investment in multilingual communication technologies canprovide rapid access to new and emerging markets anywhere in theworld-the factor that is vital for the long-run success of Europe. The (7)_ability to access and use informati0n across the languages is vital for (8)_technologies can play an important role for enabling easy (9)_communication between people, administrations and businesses.The European Union, in collaboration with the Member States,have sponsored over the last 20 years several R J.B Watson reduced thinking to inhibitedspeech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiologicalmechanism involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point outthat there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which wordsare not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frameof mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seemthat many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful useof language, although there are some others in which language is not involved,Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case,5of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only beacquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language.However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book.Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable developmentin all ones capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinctionbetween thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people.We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking hasalready grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they failto do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking toother people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Suchsentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are mergedwith vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal (下 意 识 的 ）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more likestruggling , striving, or searching for something than it is like talking orreading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests thatpatients can think without having adequate control over their language. Somepatients, for example, fail to find the names of object presented to them andare unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find itdifficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing gamesof chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing ordraught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinarylanguage. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably humanbeings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewiseindependent of language.1. According to the theory of “thought” devised by J.B Watson, thinking is_.A. talking to the soulB. suppressed speechC. speaking non-verbally6D. a non-linguistic behavior2. What does the author think about the relationship between language andthinking ?A. The ability to use language enhances ones capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.3.According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we _.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words4. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without havingadequatecontrol of language?A. They use different conceptsB. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mysteryD. Thinking is independent of language.5. This passage is an excerpt from _.A. a scholarly book B. a text book.C. a book report C.an encyclopediaPassage 2Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painfulquestion. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as thejournalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings aboutfactual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots ofhead-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.7But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see theworld through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug eachdays events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in thenewsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and theirreaders, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroomseem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent toreporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one largemetropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are morelikely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedes, and tradestocks, and they are less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or putdown roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, sotheir work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. Theastonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters andtheir readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastlyannoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposium and a credibilityproject dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and and fleeing inlarge numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural andclass biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, itwould open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race andgender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class.6. What is the passage about ?A. Needs of the readers all over the world.B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.8C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.7. The result of the journalism credibility project turned out to be_.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat contradictoryC. very illuminatingD. Rather superficial8. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their_A. working attitudeB. conventional lifestyleC. world outlookD. Educational background9. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and gender10. According to the text, which kind of journalists world be mot beneficial tothe development of newspapers nowadays?A. Those from different races and gender.B. Those with high reportorial skills.C. Those deep rooted in the public.D. Those with diverse world-views.Passage 3Read the following passage and answer the four questions.This passage is adapted from Ethan Frome, a novel published in 1911 bythe American Pulitzer-prize winning author Edith Wharton. Mattie Silver isEthans household employee.9Mattie Silver had lived under Ethans roof for a year, and from earlymorning till they met at supper he had frequent chances of seeing her; but nomoments in her company were comparable to those when, her arm in his,and her light step flying to keep time with his long stride, they walked backthrough the night to the farm. He had taken to the girl from the first day, whenhe had driven over to the Flats to meet her, and she had smiled and waved tohim from the train, crying out, “You must be Ethan!” as she jumped downwith her bundles, while he reflected, looking over her slight person: “Shedont look much on housework, but she aint a fretter, anyhow.” But it wasnot only that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was likethe lighting of a fire on a cold hearth. The girl was more than the brightserviceable creature he had thought her. She had an eye to see and an ear tohear: he could show her things and tell her things, and taste the bliss of feelingthat all he imparted left long reverberations and echoes he could wake at will.It was during their night walks back to the farm that he felt most intenselythe sweetness of this communion. He had always been more sensitive than thepeople about him to the appeal of natural beauty. His unfinished studies hadgiven form to this sensibility and even in his unhappiest moments field andsky spoke to him with a deep and powerful persuasion. But hitherto theemotion had remained in him as a silent ache, veiling with sadness the beautythat evoked it. He did not even know whether any one else in the world felt ashe did, or whether he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege. Then helearned that one other spirit had trembled with the same touch of wonder: thatat his side, living under his roof and eating his bread, was a creature to whomhe could say: “Thats Orion down yonder; the big fellow to the right isAldebaran, and the bunch of little oneslike bees swarmingtheyre thePleiades.” or whom he could hold entranced before a ledge of granitethrusting up through the fern while he unrolled the huge panorama of the iceage, and the long dim stretches of succeeding time. The fact that admirationfor his learning mingled with Matties wonder at what he taught was not theleast part of his pleasure. And there were other sensations, less definable but10more exquisite, which drew them
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