2001年考研英语试题及答案.pdf

徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 2001 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letterin the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _ 1979. A fromB afterC forD sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three timessince 1979.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample AnswerA B C 1. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _ myhead in my hands for a cry.A bury B am buryingC buriedD would bury2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the Britishrecapture of the port _ half a day before the defendersactually surrendered.A to announceB announced 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 C announcingD was announced3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itselfapparent, so one _ wait instead of searching for it.A would ratherB had toC cannot butD had best4. She felt suitably humble just as she _ when he had first takena good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red andpointed. A hadB had hadC would have andD has had5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on theparty despite _ from leadership of it, would intervenepersonally.A being resignedB having resignedC going to resignD resign 6. So involved with their computers _ that leaders at summercomputer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.A became the childrenB become the childrenC had the children becomeD do the children become7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 audience.A everything exceptB anything butC no less thanD nothing more than8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost orchanged in meaning in translation.A ByB InC For D With9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much timelistening and being talked to _ it has all but lost the willand the skill to speak for itself.A asB whichC thatD what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.A be B beingC wereD arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letterin the rackets with a pencil. (10 points) 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off thehighway.A vanishedB scatteredC abandonedD rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was foundabandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should chooseC.Sample AnswerA B D 11. He is too young to be able to _ between right and wrong.A discardB discernC disperseD disregard12. It was no _ that his car was seen near the bank at the timeof the robbery.A coincidenceB conventionC certaintyD complication 13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure thatall ships _ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A cautiouslyB dutifullyC faithfullyD skillfully14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate ofall Indians but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals. 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 A critical aboutB indignant atC indifferent toD subject to15. The chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job ofdismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A compelledB posedC pressedD tempted16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _.A for longB in and outC once for allD by nature17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms mayresult in _ and lack of unity in style.A conflictB confrontationC disturbanceD disharmony 18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, andis extinct in two eastern states in which it once _.A thrivedB swelledC prosperedD flourished19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to_ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 A overturnB overtakeC offsetD oppress20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium;it is _.A firmB companyC corporationD enterprise21. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _.A novelB remoteC distantD foreign22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edisondisc I _ at a garage sale.A trifled withB scraped throughC stumbled uponD thirsted for 23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken languageso well that the need for any common second language could _.A descendB declineC deteriorateD depress24. Equipment not _ official safety standards has all beenremoved from the workshop. 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 A conforming toB consistent withC predominant overD providing for25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to _ electronics indollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.A contendB contestC rivalD strive26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _ for thestates and liberty for individuals.A autonomyB dignityC monopolyD stability27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _as microorganisms.A preciselyB instantlyC initially D exclusively28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow_, particularly in Western Europe.A obscureB obsoleteC optionalD overlapping29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 just _ and needs proving.A spontaneousB hypotheticalC intuitiveD empirical30. The future of this company is _: many of its talentedemployees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.A at oddsB in troubleC in vainD at stake Section IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answeron ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the bracketswith a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seekingto buy up people involved in prominent cases 大31家 the trial ofRosemary West.In a significant 大32家 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 大33家 bill that willpropose making payments to witnesses 大34家 and will strictly controlthe amount of 大35家 that can be given to a case 大36家 a trialbegins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons MediaSelect Committee, Lord Irvine said he 大37家 with a committee report 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 this year which said that self regulation did not 大38家 sufficientcontrol.大39家 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a大40家 of media protest when he said the 大41家 of privacy controlscontained in European legislation would be left to judges 大42家 toParliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which大43家 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 大 44家 inBritain, laid down that everybody was 大45家 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and theirfamilies.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 大46家 our British judges,”he said.Witness payments became an 大47家 after West was sentenced to 10life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 大48家 to havereceived payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns wereraised 大49家 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate theirstories in court to 大50家 guilty verdicts. 31. A as toB for instanceC in particularD such as32. A tighteningB intensifying 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 C focusingD fastening33. A sketchB roughC preliminaryD draft34. A illogicalB illegalC improbableD improper 35. A publicityB penaltyC popularityD peculiarity36. A sinceB ifC beforeD as37. A sidedB shared C compliedD agreed38. A presentB offerC manifestD indicate39. A ReleaseB Publication 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 C PrintingD Exposure40. A stormB rageC flareD flash41. A translationB interpretationC exhibitionD demonstration 42. A better thanB other thanC rather thanD sooner than43. A changesB makesC setsD turns44. A bindingB convincing C restrainingD sustaining45. A authorizedB creditedC entitledD qualified46. A withB to 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 C fromD by47. A impactB incidentC inferenceD issue48. A statedB remarkedC saidD told 49. A whatB whenC whichD that50. A assureB confideC ensureD guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For eachquestion there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read thepassages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the correspondingletter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of anincreasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up thesubject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 information and use it as the basis for further research. Butspecialization was only one of a series of related developments inscience affecting the process of communication. Another was the growingprofessionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless,the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concernedis not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular,may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in thenineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, morecomplex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation inscience. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on theprimacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutesan acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, localgeological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly becomeacceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on,the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continuedto pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been tomake entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction ofrefereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and thenby several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As alogical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specificsocieties, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in localsocieties or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. Inscience generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned asthe crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _.A sociology and chemistryB physics and psychologyC sociology and psychologyD physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that _.A there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisationB amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of scienceC professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity D amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_.A the process of specialization and professionalisationB the hardship of amateurs in scientific studyC the change of policies in scientific publicationsD the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is _.A the development in communicationB the growth of professionalisationC the expansion of scientific knowledge D the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digitaldivide - the division of the world into the info (information) rich andthe info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lecturedabout this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then,however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digitaldivide. There are reasons to be optimistic. 徽学长研究生公益服务团队 微信公众号：AK-509 百度贴吧：徽学长 微信扫一扫，考研资讯、考研答疑、考研资料 There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is inthe interest of business to universalize access - after all, the morepeople online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spreadInternet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion peopleon the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe thedigital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And thatis very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful toolfor combating world poverty that weve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeatpoverty. Andthe Internetis not the only toolwe have. But it has enormouspotential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prej