杭州师范大学2019年考研真题-243二外英语.DOC

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新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/杭 州 师 范 大 学2019 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码: 243 考试科目名称: 二外英语 说明:考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负。Part I Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(210=20 points)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1 - 7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Highs and Lows in Self-EsteemNo one in the Gould family of Westlake Village, California, was surprised by a study suggesting a persons age and stage of life may have a bigger impact on self-esteem than we ever realized. A study of about 350 000 people likens a persons self-esteem across the human lifespan to a roller coaster ride, starting with an inflated sense of self-approval in late childhood that plunges in adolescence. Self-esteem rises steadily through adulthood, only to drop to its lowest point ever in old age. “Ive gone through pretty much all of those cycles,” Fred Gould said. At 60, hes edging toward retirement. Freds wife Eileen, 46, is a businesswoman in the throes of mid-adulthood and, according to the study, predisposed to a healthy self-regard. At 21, the Goulds son, Jeff, has just launched that heady climb into adulthood and a buoyant self-regard after an adolescence fraught with the usual perils of self-doubt and hormonal warfare. His sister, Aly, 17, disagrees with a lot of the study, believing instead that each individual has an intrinsic sense of self-esteem that remains relatively constant. But she does agree that adolescence can give even the most solid sense of self-esteem a sound battering. “As a teenager, I can definitely speak for all of us when I say we bag on ourselves.” Aly said.The StudyThe drop in self-esteem in adolescence was no surprise to Richard Robins, a psychology professor at the University of California at Davis, who spearheaded the study, but “the drop in old age is a little bit more novel,” he said. Specifically, Robins was intrigued by the similarities in self-esteem levels between those entering adolescence and old age. “There is an accumulation of losses occurring all at once both in old age and 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/adolescence,” he suggested. “There is a critical mass of transition going on.”Those answering the survey ranged in age from 9 to 90. They participated in the survey by logging onto a Web site during a period between 1999 and 2000. About three-quarters were Caucasian, the rest a mixture of people of Asian, black, Latino and Middle-Eastern descent. Most were from the United States. The survey simply asked people to agree or strongly disagree-on a five point scale-with the statement: “I see myself as someone who has high self-esteem.”Everybody is an individual, Robins stressed, so self-esteem can be affected by a number of things that are biological, social, and situational, but there are certain passages that all of us faceand each passage can have a powerful effect on our sense of self. “With kids, their feelings about themselves are often based on relatively superficial information,” Robins explained. “As we get older, we base our self-esteem on actual achievements and feedback from other people.”Overall, the study indicated that women do not fare as well as men in self-esteema difference particularly marked in adolescence. “During adolescence, girls self-esteem dropped about twice as much as boys,” Robins said, perhaps at least partially because of societys heavy emphasis on body image for girls. Add one negative life event to all of this turmoil, and a teenagers delicate self-esteem can crumble. Emerging into AdulthoodEileen remembered having fairly high self-esteem from ages 12 to 16. She had been very ill as a child, so the teen years were a time for her to blossom. Then, her mother died when she was 17, and her self-esteem bottomed out. “I was like, What do I do ? How do I handle this?” Eileen remembered. Eileen was 22 when she married Fred, an event that coincided with the beginning of her adult yearsand an upswing in her self-esteem. Like many adults, Eileen gained her senses of competence and continuity, both of which can contribute to the rise in self-esteem during the adult years, Robins said.Even if there is divorce or some other form of chaos, there has been a change in our ability to cope, he said. We learn with experience. Fred is aware that his sense of self-esteem may be vulnerable when he retires. “Im concerned about keeping my awareness level,” he said. “Am I going to be aware of the social scene? Of things more global? Am I going to be able to read and keep up with everything?”Seniors do tend to experience a drop in self-esteem when they get into their 70s, the study saysbut not always. This is enigmatic to Robins. “When we look at things like general well-being, the evidence is mixed about what happens in old age,” he said.Some people experience a tremendous loss of self-esteem, whereas others maintain their sense of well-being right through old age. Others are not as lucky. Whereas adolescents lose their sense of childhood omnipotence, seniors experience another kind of loss. Retirement comes at about the same time seniors may begin to lose loved ones, their health, their financial status, or their sense of competence. Suddenly, someone who was so in charge may become withdrawn, sullen and depressed. Their self-esteem may plummet. Robins hopes the study will make us more aware of the times when our self-esteem can be in jeopardy.1. A persons self-esteem is high during childhood.2. A persons self-esteem does not change during adolescence.3. All people experience the lowest self-esteem during old age.4. The people in the study were mostly Asian.5. Our self-esteem is affected by several factors. 6. Our self-esteem is most delicate when we are adults.7. Older peoples self-esteem always drops when they get into their 70s.8. The participants of the survey ranged in age from 9 to _.新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/9. According to Robins, self-esteem can be affected by a number of things that are_.10. The purpose of the study is to _.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (130=30 points)Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the items given. Please write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11 After three months in space, the astronauts were glad to see_ again.A) house B) air C) trees D) land12 Every moment became _ when we heard that she was going to die. A) precious B) dear C) expensive D) significant13 Theres a(n)_ high up in the wall-youll find a key hidden in it. A) board B) peg C) opening D) nail14 The visits to the United States of America and other foreign countries certainly broadened our _. A) sight B) perception C) eyesight D) horizon15 In the _ of any evidence, the police had to let Anders go. (loss, lack, missing, refusal A) loss B) absence C) missing D) lack16 An important _ of Van Goghs paintings is their bright colors. A) trace B) feature C) qualification D) certification 17 Doctors work _ long hours, sometimes over eighty hours in one week. A) incredibly B) considerately C) inaccessibly D) inavoidably 18 If youre worried about this change of career, why dont you talk it _ with your family?A) over B) up C) through D) away19 A large _of children in the school come from single-parent families. A) variety B) amount C) percent D) percentage20 _ of the workforce is always the quickest way of cutting costs. A) Conduction B) Induction C) Reduction D) Production21 If you cant _ your dog from biting people you must lock it up. A) refrain B) control C) restrain D) command22 His decision to cancel the concert will _ his fans. A) disappoint B) frustrate C) annoy D) irritate23 The surgeon was reluctant to _ the operation on someone so young. A) make B) perform C) take D) commit24 An individual bird can _ the call of its own species. A) perceive B) identify C) realize D) hear25 Both writing and speech require context to make _ of what might otherwise be ambiguous. A) sense B) awareness C) vision D) sight26 Shakespeares plays tell us a lot about _ life, i.e. the life of the 16th century. A) medieval B) modern C) temporary D) contemporary27 I made a _ to give up chocolate. A) judgement B) improvement C) solution D) resolution新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/28 What _ of dog is that? Ive never seen one like it before. A) breed B) bleed C) brand D) band29 The human body _ energy in the form of carbohydrates. A) resumes B) assumes C) consumes D) presumes30 When I phoned to _ my flight, I was told there was a strike at the airport. A) confirm B) conform C) inform D) reform31 The _ of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives. A) ignorance B) short C) failure D) absence32 The town center has changed _ all recognition.A) before B) beyond C) after D) over33 _ helping the situation, youve just made it even worse. A) As long as B) So far as C) But for D) Far from34 The score could have been higher _ some excellent goalkeeping by Simon. A) except for B) but for C) far from D) as long as35 We oppose any plans to cut back _ the education investment. On/down/off/awayA) away B) down C) off D) on36 She is someone who will listen and make me feel _. A) understood B) understanding C) understand D) misunderstood37 “This is your captain speaking. We are due to take _ in five minutes. A)over B) away C) off D) up38 Youd better tone _ the more offensive remarks. A) away B) over C) down D) on39 Some actresses like to be surrounded by a crowd of people all the time, while others _ on their own instead.A) might as well be B) would rather be C) had better be D) have got to be40 A calculator makes it easy to figure gas mileage, sales taxes, and _.A) whats your bank balance B) to figure your bank balanceC) your bank balance D) figuring your bank balancePart III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth )(1.5 20=30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write down the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage.A) adapt B) apologize C) behavior D) fact E) adopt新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/F) sure G) greeted H) informal I) prestige J) highK) punctual L) rude M) understand N) rapid O) addressedAn American professor learned the hard way that people in different cultures can have very different ideas about being on time. In the United States, being_41_for meetings and classes is very important. Being late is unacceptable _42_. It is considered very_43_. At the very least, you are expected to _44_or say “Im sorry.” However, when the professor taught in Brazil, students acted very differently. Some students walked into his class more than an hour late. The students _45_ him, but they did not seem sorry to be late. The professor explained the difference between formal and _46_situations and asked the students what would be considered late in Brazilian culture. He wanted to _47_ more about the behavior of the Brazilian people. He learned that in Brazil, it is acceptable for a person to arrive or stay late. In _48_, Brazilians expect that successful people with high status or _49_will arrive late. In time, the professor was able to _50_his own behavior so that he would feel comfortable in his new surroundings. Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for Google.org the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the companys first project will help identify where infectious diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, Google.org will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. Google.orgs second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says Google.org wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 51. The purpose of Googles investments is to _. A) help poor people B) develop new technology C) expand its own business D) increase the power of information 52. According to Aleem Walji, the companys first project is to _. A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseases B) find out where infectious diseases develop 新祥旭
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