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共 15 页 第 1 页2015 年 湖 南 农 业 大 学 硕 士 招 生 自 命 题 科 目 试 题科 目 名 称 及 代 码 ： 基 础 英 语 612适 用 专 业 （ 领 域 ） ： 外 国 语 言 学 及 应 用 语 言 学考 生 需 带 的 工 具 ：考 生 注 意 事 项 ： 所 有 答 案 必 须 做 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 做 在 试 题 纸 上 一 律 无 效 ； 按 试 题 顺 序 答 题 ， 在 答 题 纸 上 标 明 题 目 序 号 。I. Paraphrase（ 20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they wereoblivious of the crowds about them.2. I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect ofmeeting the mayor of Hroshima in my socks.3. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wingsympathies in this country and the U.S.A.4 The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the OldTestament.5. He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice.6. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the KingsEnglish slips and slides in conversation.7. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebearsfought is still at issue around the globe.8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.9. The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.10. Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like theswallows crossing flights over the music and the singing.共 15 页 第 2 页II. Vocabulary and Grammar（ 20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1 It is essential that he _ all the facts first.A is examining B will examine C examines D examine2 Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?A Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.B We are meeting the visitors after the performance.C The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.D Im hoping that youll give us some advice.3 Which of the following italicized parts is used as an objectcomplement?A The front door remained locked. B The boy looked disappointed.C Nancy appeared worried. D He seemed to have no money left.4 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A Physics is an important school subject.B The United States borders Canada.C The Niagara Falls is in NorthAmerica.D Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.5 Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?A The moon cannot always be at the fullB You cannot smoke inside the building.C He cannot come today.D She cannot play the piano.6 Hydrogen, which is _ than oil, is pretty easy to produce anddoes no harm to the environment.A much energy more abundant sourceB an energy source more abundantC a much more energy abundant source共 15 页 第 3 页D a much more abundant energy source7 When _, the bridge connecting the island to the continent willbe open to traffic next year.A completed B completingC being completed D to be completed8 _ these objections, we can not ignore the advantages oflearning through the Internet.A. Despite B. Instead of C. For D Like9 Mom enjoyed herself so much _ she was on vacation inFrance with dad last year.A where B that C which D when10 The experiment was _ we had anticipated.A a success more than B more a success thanC a success as much as D as much of a success as11 Mary was _ to tears by their criticism.A sunk B reduced C forced D declined12 The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the footmark in the _ of the road.A clay B dirt C mud D soil13 These magnificent _ buildings demonstrate the greatintelligence of the laboring people.A antique B ancient C primitive D remote14 I dont remember meeting him, but the name John Smith rings abell. The underlined part means _.A is omitted B is warned C is appearing D is familiar15 These goods are _ for export, though a few of them may besold on the home market.A essentially B completely C necessarily D remarkably16 I wish you break a leg in the coming English speech contest The共 15 页 第 4 页underlined part means _.A get injured B play well C good luck D have fun17 I have the car now but my sister was the _ owner.A initial B original C primitive D primary18 The principal stressed using multimedia teaching would neverreplace the one-to-one _ between pupil and teacher.A perceptions B consultations C interactions D interruptions19 Theyve made a great_ forward with their road building inthe last few years.A bounce B bound C hop D leap20 Your books and magazines are almost in a _; go and putthem in order.A chaos B disorder C mess D riotIII.Fill in each blank with one suitable word （ 30 points,2 points each） ; write your answer on the answer sheet1 understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary tounderstand the difference 2 marketing 3 selling. Not too manyyears ago, most industries concentrated primarily 4 the efficientproduction of goods, and then relied 5 “persuasive salesmanship”to move as much of these goods 6 possible. Such production andselling focuses 7 the needs of the seller to produce goods and thenconvert them 8 money.Marketing, 9 the other hand, focuses on the wants ofconsumers, It begins 10 first analyzing the preferences and demandsof consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them .Thiseye on the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept,which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest toproduce or buy 11 resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to共 15 页 第 5 页find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making itavailable 12 purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or thatconsumer satisfaction is given priority 13 profit in a company.There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm andthe customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs.Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that thesurest route to profit is through understanding and catering to ( 迎合 )customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to theconsumer presented itself 14 mid -1985, when Coca Cola changedthe flavor of its drink, the nonacceptance of the new flavor by asignificant portion of the public brought 15 a prompt restoration ofthe Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new .KingCustomer ruled!IV. Reading（ 40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choicequestions; decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “morematerialistic and less altruistic (利 他 主 义 的 )” than at any time in the17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective“is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing ameaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the mostpopular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a共 15 页 第 6 页low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineeringand computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representativefor a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her collegeinstructors her first year on the jobeven before she completed hertwo-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that ourcivilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge infields far removed from our own and that we are better for ourunderstanding of these other contributionsbe they scientific orartistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others,we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches usto see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond ourimmediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages,only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job.How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that instudying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moralsense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmenlooking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them istalking on the intercom (对 讲 机 ): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could youplease send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, thats what education reallyought to be about.1. According to the authors observation, college students_.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the arts共 15 页 第 7 页C) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense2. The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to dowith _.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others3. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.A) create varying artistic interestsB) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people4. Which of the following statements is true according to thepassage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage 2In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding astheyve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is anational passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returninghome expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving inlarge numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut aresetting a new standard of customer service, using strict employeetraining and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline共 15 页 第 8 页staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Havea nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in themorning and says, Lets be nicer,” says Itsik Cohen, director of aconsulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well.Monopolies (垄 断 者 ) that until recently have been free to take theircustomers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketingprofessor, calls “the revengeful ( 报 复 的 ) consumer.” When thegovernment opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company,its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even whileoffering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for allthe years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly maybe short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a dayfor a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍 卖 ), hasretrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about theresults in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change inthe air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customersurvey sheets.5. It may be inferred from the passage that _.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones6. In the authors view, higher service standards are impossible inIsrael _.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if theres no competition among companies共 15 页 第 9 页D) without strict routine training of employees7. The example of ElA1Airlines shows that _.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly ofenterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financialdifficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service8. Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its marketshare?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from thegovernment.Passage 3On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week inschool, eight hours more that they did in 1981. They also did morehousehold work and participated in more of such organized activitiesas soccer and ballet (芭 蕾 舞 ). Involvement in sports, in particular, rosealmost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of fourhours a week playing sports; girls spend half that time. All in all,however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981to 25%“Children are affected by the same time crunch ( 危 机 ) thataffects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recentstudy of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that moremothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both共 15 页 第 10 页double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparableamounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hoursrespectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their singlemothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids.“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learnsabout himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard MedicalSchool. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allowsthe young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kidsages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing“free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one ofthe findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spendingless time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it withreading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, thechildren spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whosgot the time?9. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) SandraHofferth means _.A) children have little time to play with their parentsB) children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD) both parents and children have trouble managing their time10. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth forthe time crunch is _.A) quite convincing B) partially trueC) totally groundless D) rather confusing11. According to the author a child develops better if _.A) he has plenty of time reading and studying
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