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第 1 页626华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（ 试 卷 上 做 答 无 效 ， 请 在 答 题 纸 上 做 答 ， 试 后 本 卷 必 须 与 答 题 纸 一 同 交 回 ） 科目名称：英语综合水平测试适用专业：外国语言文学共 页Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each)Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Ive never been there but it is, , a lovely place.A. of no accountC. on no accountB. by all accountsD. on this account2. The television networks believe that the period between 6 p. m. and 11 p. m. is thetelevision viewing timeA. prime B. primary C. primitive D. principal3. You had better me about the reason for your dismissal.A. level offC. level withB. level atD. level up4. in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself at the party.A. Dressed; noticedC. Dresses; noticingB. Dressing; noticedD. Dressing; noticing5. He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. who I think itB. which I think it isC. that I think isD. which I think is6. Only after the anesthetist gave the patient an anesthetic .A. the operation could be conductedB. could the operation be conducted第 2 页C. could be conducted the operationD. the operation conducted could be7. The of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementation B. demonstrationC. manifestation D. exposition8. the Internet is shortening the distance between people, it may also be breaking homes or will cause other family problems.A. When B. While C. If D. As9. It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are it.A. involved in B. indulged inC. disposed to D. exposed to10. Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will .A. pull back B. pull upC. pull through D. pull out11. As my exams are coming next week, Ill take advantage of the weekend to on some reading.A. catch up B. clear upC. make up D. pick up12. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, traffic delays.A. acknowledging B. affordingC. allowing for D. accounting for13. School started on a cold day in February.A. severe B. bitter C. such D. frozen14. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite discussing a recent film with others.A. at home B. at mostC. at house D. at heart第 3 页15. With exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.A. rare B. unusual C. extraordinary D. unique16. As a developing country, we must keep with the rapid development of the world economy.A. move B. step C. speed D. pace17. The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A. over B. upon C. in D. with18. The police let him go, because they didnt find him guilty the murder.A. of B. in C. over D. on19. The company has capitalized the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A. in B. over C. with D. on20. When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his ownand declined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute21. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little of what I said.A. remark B. warning C. notice D. attention22. I only know the man by but I have never spoken to him.A. chance B. heart C. sight D. experience23. It is absolutely essential that William his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues24. If only I play the guitar as well as you!A. would B. could C. should D. might25. He unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have acted B. must have actedC. should act D. would act第 4 页26. Men differ from animals they can think and speak.A. or which B. for thatC. in that D. in which27. I enjoyed myself so much I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. when B. which C. that D. where28. both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region.A. Only if, will B. If only, wouldC. Should, will D. Unless, would29. , Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist30. The government has promised to do lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A. however B. whicheverC. whatever D. whereverPart II Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section, there are 5 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWe have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in their own field: wine snobs who cant tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair game. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts might be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of our skills as experts on ourselves?We have been trying to answer this question using techniques from magic第 5 页performances. Rather than playing tricks with alternatives presented to participants, we secretly altered the outcomes of their choices, and recorded how they react. For example, in an early study we showed our volunteers pairs of pictures of faces and asked them to choose the most attractive. In some trials, immediately after they made their choice, we asked people to explain the reasons behind their choices.Unknown to them, we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretly exchange one face for the other so they ended up with the face they did not choose. Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome of a choice. But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blind to the mismatch, even offering “reasons” for their “choice”.We called this effect “choice blindness”, echoing change blindness, the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z - and. Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decision making, it is very difficult to know about it from the “inside”: one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rationalizations after the event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are?But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt - and prove it - that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very difficult to come by. We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange.This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness: for example, two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering might develop into true第 6 页symptoms, and how confabulation might play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Importantly, the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap judgments.Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long explanations, give numerical rating or labeling, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback (“I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it”), which we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight of hand? Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments.For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In order to switch each participants choice without them noticing, we created two sets of “magical” jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over.Immediately after the participants chose, we asked them to taste their choice again and tell us verbally why they made that choice. Before they did, we turned over the sample containers, so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection. Strikingly, people detected no more than a third of all these trick trials. Even when we switched such remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnamon and apple for bitter grapefruit jam, the participants spotted less than half of all switches.We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as laptops or cell phones, and even apartments. Our latest tests are exploring moral and political decisions, a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role, but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness.Throughout our experiments, as well as registering whether our volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternative they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would have noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong.第 7 页Imagine their surprise, even disbelief, when we told them about the nature of the experiments. In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a lot about ourselves, but like the wine buff or art critic, we often overstate what we know. The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat. Indeed, after reading this article you might already be cured.31. What does the author say about some experts?A. They are authorities only in their own fields.B. They arent easily fooled by the tricky tests.C. The mistakes theyve made are inevitable.D. They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.32. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?A. They put on a magic performance to the participants.B. They diverted the participants attention and disrupted their choosing.C. They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.D. They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.33. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?A. People could explain well why they made their choices.B. Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.C. Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.D. Most participants didnt realize that their choices had been switched.34. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that .A. many people fail to notice the big change around themB. people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundingsC. peoples choices can be easily interrupted by a big changeD. quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions35. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?A. The haste judgment.B. The mechanism of self-feedback.C. The interaction with others.D. The expectation for the future.Passage TwoRicky Gervaiss new film, The Invention of Lying, is about a world where lying doesnt exist, which means that everybody tells the truth, and everybody believes everything everybody else says. “Ive always hated you,” a man tells a work colleague. “He seems nice, if a bit fat,” a woman says about her date. Its all truth, all the time, at whatever the cost. Until one day, when Mark, a down-on-his-luck loser played by第 8 页Gervais, discovers a thing called “lying” and what it can get him. Within days, Mark is rich, famous, and courting the girl of his dreams. And because nobody knows what “lying” is? he goes on, happily living what has become a complete and utter farce.Its meant to be funny, but its also a more serious commentary on us all. As Americans, we like to think we value the truth. Time and time again, public-opinion polls show that honesty is among the top five characteristics we want in a leader, friend, or lover; the world is full of sad stories about the tragic consequences of betrayal. At the same time, deception is all around us. We are lied to by government officials and public figures to a disturbing degree; many of our social relationships are based on little white lies we tell each other. We deceive our children, only to be deceived by them in return. And the average person, says psychologist Robert Feldman, the author of a new book on lying, tells at least three lies in the first 10 minutes of a conversation.“Theres always been a lot of lying,” says Feldman， whose new book, The Liar in YourLife, came out this month. “But I do think were seeing a kind of cultural shift where were lying more, its easier to lie, and in some ways its almost more acceptable.”As Paul Ekman, one of Feldmans longtime lying colleagues and the inspiration behind the Fox IV series “Lie To Me” defines it，a liar is a person who “intends to mislead,” “deliberately,” without being asked to do so by the target of the lie. Which doesnt mean that all lies are equally toxic: some are
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