2019年考研北京大学英语语言文学专业真题（回忆版）.doc

12019年考研北京大学英语语言文学专业真题（回忆版）专业能力部分：一：英译汉 50 分。Character is nature in the highest form. It is of no use to ape it or to contend with it. Somewhat is possible of resistance, and of persistence, and of creation, to this power, which will foil all emulation.This masterpiece is best where no hands but natures have been laid on it. Care is taken that the greatly-destined shall slip up into life in the shade, with no thousand-eyed Athens to watch and blazon every new thought, every blushing emotion of young genius. Two persons lately, very young children of the most high God, have given me occasion for thought. When I explored the source of their sanctity and charm for the imagination, it seemed as if each answered, From my nonconformity; I never listened to your peoples law, or to what they call their gospel, and wasted my time. I was content with the simple rural poverty of my own; hence this sweetness; my work never reminds you of that;-is pure of that. And nature advertises me in such persons that in democratic America she will not be democratized. How cloistered and constitutionally sequestered from the market and from scandal! It was only this morning that I sent away some wild flowers of these wood-gods. They are a relief from literature,-these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment; as we read, in an age of polish and criticism, the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation. How captivating is their devotion to their favorite books, whether Aeschylus, Dante, Shakspeare, or Scott, as feeling that they have a stake in that book; who touches that, touches them;-and especially the total solitude of the critic, the Patmos of thought from which he writes, in unconsciousness of any eyes that shall ever read this writing. Could they dream on still, as angels, and not wake to comparisons, and to be flattered! Yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise, and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound, there is no danger from vanity. Solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the heads being turned by the flourish of trumpets, but they can afford to smile.As I have said, Nature keeps these sovereignties in her own hands, and however pertly our sermons and disciplines would divide some share of credit, and teach that the laws fashion the citizen, she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong. She makes very light of gospels and prophets, as one who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one. There is a class of men, individuals of which appear at long intervals, so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been unanimously saluted as divine, and who seem to be an accumulation of that power we consider. Divine persons are character born, or, to borrow a phrase from Napoleon, they are victory organized.二：汉译英 40 分。文章感觉很生硬，查了一下大概是复旦大学哲学学院教授张汝伦发表于 2018 年第 03 期的哲学研究的文章论“内在超越 ”截取的几句话生拉在一起，有的是 汉学家余英时的话，有的话是史华兹的翻译的内容大概如下：中西文化都认为人间秩序和道德价值的来源是超越性的:西方在柏拉图那里是理型, 在基督教那里是上帝, 而中国便是天。但是, 在处理超越世界与现实世界的关系上, 或用中国的术语说天人关系上, 2中西文化迥然两样。西方在超越世界和现实世界之间划下一道不可逾越的鸿沟。而中国人认为“两个世界则是互相交涉, 离中有合、合中有离的” 。具体而言, 这种不即不离的关系就是超越性的道即在人伦日用之中, 而人伦日用也不能须臾离道。中国人关注的是道德-精神生活主观内在的方面。人能培养自己内在的道德成长能力, 能达到被称为仁的内在道德完善。或者说, 人能在自己身上超越实然趋向应然 (即实现道德行 为) 。在此意义上, 社会中伦理的事物是出于人的主体。所谓向内超越, 是指关注道德- 精神生活的主观方面。 但这并不是说 道德的根据在人的主观性, 更不是说“超越”概念失去了其外在性的含义。除了道德的内在根源外, 始终存在外在的理想社会秩序和正常的自然秩序。三.阅读 60 分阅读考的是伊格尔顿那本文学理论 Literary Theory：An Introduction 的第一章 The Rise of English节选，外研社影印版 19 页 To speak English Literature 这一段开始 22 页 Like the religion 这一段上面那一段结尾结束，内容是文学和意识形态的关系。1. 13 个单词解释，13 分。evaporate pacify foster contemplative equanimity resonance turbulent philistine anarchy menace antidote trivia luminous 2. 几个短语和句子的 paraphrase，3 分+6 分+6 分。第一题考了 social cement 的含义，在选段的第二段第三段共出 现两次，如何理解 social cement第二题考的是 paraphrase “Like all successful ideologies, it works much less by explicit concepts.mythology“这句话。还有个短语的 paraphrase 忘了。第三题是 paraphrase “refreshingly unhypocritical“并 pharaphase “Arnold is refreshingly unhypocritical: there is no feeble pretence .in the least disinterested “整句话。最后是让总结作者的观点，然后就用意识形态批评分析作品的 strong points and weak points 给出critical response 且欢迎用具体文学作品来论述。作文 32 分。好像要求写 450500 字？专业知识部分：英国文学：六选二1. 给了个节选 ，没细看，还 是弥尔顿，撒旦什么的2. 好像是 Dryden，说他既是作家，也是批评家？让写篇 essay 论述他的相关文学批评？3. 考的 wordsworth 的诗歌分析，分析语言什么的，并说明其反应了浪漫主义的什么特点和思想，大概是这样。4. 马修阿诺德相关。5. hero 和 heroism 的问题。说狄更斯的大卫科波菲尔有一句话，好像是开头？好像是说叙述者要去看自己能否成为 hero of his own life 或者 anybody else 成为 hero？然后萨克雷的名利场副标题是一部没有 hero 的小说。让解释狄更斯的 hero of his own life，以及名利场是一部没有英雄的小说 indicate 什么。然后联系维多利亚时期的小说，描述相关作家如何 understand 或者 broaden 或者 xxx the traditional concept of hero and heroism6. 说的是维多利 亚时期人们对 progress 的自信同时伴随着 anxiety，让用具体的文学作品来分析维多利亚的作家们，要么是散文家要么是小说家们（比如 classical and Christian xxx？括号里的记不3大清楚 但他就是 举个例子 我也没看懂括号里给的例子，我写的是别的）表达了哪些 anxiety 以及如何表现的。美国文学：三选一1.说有个美国文学 评论家在一本 书里说美国文学有个 eccentric romance feature？的特点？说作家free the character or the reader from the forces of society？（natural ，historical ，social？）似乎 individual 不会受社会上的各种力量影响，甚至作家让 individual 成为世界的主宰？大意好像是这样，可能有些许错误。反正就是强调个人主义的，和个人自由的，好像。让用 19 世纪美国文学的相关作品分析，作家在作品中是如何 exemplify 或者和这个观点相反的。2.给了个选段， 让 identify 这 个 story 的作者，并回答相关问题，没细看，我也不知谁写的。3.诗歌分析。诗 很短 让分析 语言什么的，最好能再联系一下作者的其他作品。