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英语 第 1 页 （共 15 页） 中 国社会 科学院 研究生 院 2018 年攻 读博 士 学位 研究 生 入学 考试 试 卷 英 语 （A 卷） 2018 年 3 月24 日 8:30-11:30 英语 第 2 页 （共 15 页） 答 题 说明 1 请考 生按照 答题 卡 的要求 填写相关 内容 。 在 “ 姓名” 一栏中， 请 用中文 填写 本人姓名 ； “ 试卷类 型”一栏 ，本人 无 需填写。 2 在 答题卡 的 “考 生编号” 一栏中 填 入本人的 准考证 号 。 例如：考号为 012345678900001 ， 请 考 生 在 第 一 行 中 填 写 阿 拉 伯 数 字 012345678900001 ，然 后 再 将 各 栏 中 相 应 的 数 字 涂 黑 ， 如 下 图 所 示 。 如 不 涂 满，计算 机将识 别 为无效试 卷。 考 生 编 号 （左 对 齐） 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 在 答题卡 上填 写 答案时 ， 请 务必按 照图示将 选项格涂满 ； 在A,B,C,D 四 个选 项中， 只 有一个 正确 答案。 填 写两个 或两 个以上答 案， 本 题无 效。 如需 涂改 ， 请务必 用 橡皮擦 净 后再重新 填写 。 4 试 卷第三 部分（ 包括 7 选 5 、概 要） 、第四部 分( 包括英 译汉、汉 译英) ，请 考生直接 写在 英语 试题答题纸上 的指 定位置， 不再提 供 额外的答 题纸 。 请将以下题目的 答 案填写在答题卡 上 。 英语 第 3 页 （共 15 页） PART I: Cloze (20 points) Directions: Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those 1 with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily 2 the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was 3 to get out. The town had changed, but then it hadnt. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering 4 possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to 5 landowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required 6 and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year. But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only 7 were being neglected. A handful had been 8 . This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays 9 go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God 10 . It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to 11 the good memories 12 Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool hed swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it 13 admit black children. There were the churchesBaptist, Methodist, and Presbyterianfacing each other 14 the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples 15 height. They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services. The square was as 16 as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had 17 so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasnt a single empty or boarded-up building around the squareno small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath. He inched 18 the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always 19 that the family money hed never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mothers grave, something he hadnt done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged. Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his fathers study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be given, many 20 and directions, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered. Moving again, Ray passed the water tower hed climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place hed never visited since hed left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team. It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting. 英语 第 4 页 （共 15 页） 1. A. praised B. celebrated C. blessed D. inherited 2. A. roll back B. drive back C. go back D. think over 3. A. excited B. hilarious C. numb D. anxious 4. A. as loosely as B. as tightly as C. as firmly as D. as freely as 5. A. adjoining B. hostile C. craven D. friendly 6. A. documents B. ratification C. approval D. testimony 7. A. a lot B. few C. a little D. a few 8. A. abandoned B. lost C. shattered D. shunned 9. A. but B. except C. besides D. rather than 10. A. intends B. was intending C. intend D. intended 11. A. dwell B. dwell on C. mull over D. sleep on 12. A. at B. in C. of D. about 13. A. instead of B. rather than C. instead D. in order to 14. A. with B. over C. at D. beyond 15. A. enjoying B. looking over C. competing for D. competing to 16. A. lifeless B. boring C. null D. tedious 17. A. wiped up B. wiped away C. wiped down D. wiped out 18. A. to B. at C. into D. through 19. A. assumed B. presumed C. alluded D. deluded 20. A. declarations B. decrees C. depositions D. declinations PART II: Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1 LAPD Chief Charlie Becks tenure has helped answer questions that lingered after the Rampart consent decree ended and outsider Chief William J. Bratton stepped down: Has L.A.s policing culture permanently changed? Or with outsider chiefs and federal monitors gone, will the Los Angeles Police Department return to its brutal, secretive and racially-tinged past? A department veteran who, under Brattons tutelage, became a true believer in data, transparency and change, Beck helped instill a more open, reform-oriented culture. He was successful in part because hes smart and his heart was in the right place, but also because he is old-school LAPD, son of a cop, sibling to and father of cops. His embrace of departmental reform in the post-Rampart era was a strong signal to the rank-and-file, to the citys political leaders and to communities that often suffered brutal policing tactics that the new thinking and new practices were there to stay. Beck announced Friday that he would step down in June, before the end of his second and final five-year term. Even though he is not elected, he is a savvy politician who correctly read what the mayor, the Police Commission and the people of Los Angeles wanted from him and what to an extent he was able to deliver: low crime, no scandals, little controversy. He became adept at the regular radio interview and the soundbite on immigration enforcement and criminal justice reform. At a time of national awakening and outrage over police shootings of unarmed African 英语 第 5 页 （共 15 页） American men and boys, Beck and the LAPD often looked good in comparison, at least for a while. But there have been troubling exceptions. Just days after a police officer fatally shot Michael Brown in Ferguson, Montana., LAPD officers shot another unarmed African American man, Ezell Ford, in Los Angeles. Beck concluded that the shooting was justified despite his police commissions finding to the contrary. His action, and District Attorney Jackie Laceys decision a year ago not to prosecute along with numerous other officer-involved shootings have exacerbated tension between the department and many of the communities it patrols. Becks decision was to respond to an increase in violent crime in South Los Angeles with increased patrols and what amounts to an L.A.-style stop-and-frisk policy (automobile stops for arguably pretextual reasons such as broken taillights, in order to search for weapons). Did the tactic work? The violence eventually abated, but not before police reopened old wounds and reinvigorated anti-police sentiment in communities that felt over-patroled. Activists calls for Becks firing became a common feature at weekly commission meetings. Meanwhile, although Los Angeles continues to enjoy historically low crime rates, the declines began a slight but troubling reverse in 2015. The scandal-free ledger was tainted by the 2013 rampage of fired officer Christopher Dorner, who posted a manifesto of charges against the department, then killed four people and wounded three others before dying as police closed in on him. LAPD officers wounded three innocent bystanders in their sometimes frenetic quest to track down Dorner. There was a scandal of another sort when police cadets, aided by an officer, stole cruisers and other equipment. Their exploits went undetected for weeks. Beck earns high marks for managing an inherent tension faced in recent decades by every LAPD chief. In a city in which public safety accounts for more than 80% of the city budget, he faced strong pressure in City Hall and many communities to economize. At the same time, many of the same critics want him to provide better patrols in lower-crime parts of the city while still being able to respond in force to spates of violence in high-crime communities, and while employing a more community-oriented approach to policing citywide. Accomplishing all of those goals simultaneously is simply not possible. Beck is the fourth LAPD chief to be appointed under a key change that followed the 1992 riots, which were sparked by acquittals of officers in the brutal beating of African American motorist Rodney King. After decades in which chiefs could retain their jobs virtually for life, leaders of the department are now appointed to a single five-year term and can be appointed to a second but no more. Chiefs Willie Williams and Bernard Parks were denied second terms. Bratton won a second but left early for other opportunities. Becks June departure date leaves plenty of time for the commission and Mayor Eric Garcetti to consider a host of would-be replacements among the younger brass whom Beck has mentored. Comprehension Questions: 21. To what extent has the Los Angeles Police Department changed under Beck? A. Permanently. B. Until he steps down. C. Not at all. D. Temporarily. 22. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Charlie Becks protecting LAPD officers aggravated the relationship between the department and the communities. 英语 第 6 页 （共 15 页） B. Charlie Becks policy of increasing patrols and the stop-and-frisk policy have been controversial among the local people. C. Christopher Dorner was angry with the LAPD and abreacted his dissatisfaction by killing innocent people. D. The LAPD will return to a brutal, secretive, and racially-tinged past after Chiefs Willie Williams and Bernard Parks retirement. 23. Why do you think activists calls for Becks firing became a common feature at weekly commission meetings? A. He was maladroit in radio interview and the soundbite on immigration enforcement and criminal justice reform. B. When Americans were outraged over police shootings of unarmed African Americans, LAPD under Becks leadership did well. C. Beck earns high marks for managing an inherent tension faced in recent decades by every LAPD chief. D. The increased patrol of the police aroused an anti-police sentiment in communities. 24. Which of the following can be the last sentence of the passage? A. Its imperative that Becks successor be someone who can build on his legacy and continue moving the department down the path of reform. B. After announcing on Friday that he would step down in June before completing his second term on the job, Beck reflected on his LAPD career of more than 40 years. C. Charlie Beck, whose own career with the Los Angeles Police Department spanned four decades, will retire this summer, ending an eight-year tenure as police chief. D. Charlie Beck was credited with major reforms in the department and a general decline in homicides but also had some missteps. 25. What is the authors attitude toward Charlie Beck as chief of Los Angeles Police Department? A. Cynical. B. Neutral. C. Prejudiced. D. Critical. Passage 2 We are in a global health crisis, and it grows worse by the year, as the World Health Organization has warned that by 2030 almost half the worlds population will be overweight or obese if current trends continue. There are already 124 million obese children, a more than tenfold increase in four decades, and more than a million of these live in the UK, which has the worst obesity rates in western Europe. Four in five will grow up to be obese adults; and the leader of the UKs paediatric body warns that this will cost them 10 to 20 years of healthy life. This is a social problem, both in cause and consequence, as concurred by Simon Stevens, the chief executive of the UKs National Health Service, whose cautioning that obesity could bankrupt the health service comes across as the placard-wielding stance of a roadside prophet of doom - yet the governments response has been as modest and inadequate as these figures are shocking. Medical experts describe its childhood obesity strategy as weak, embarrassing and even insulting. Though it inherited a tax on sugary drinks, it rowed back from restrictions on price-cutting promotions and junk food marketing or advertising, leaving its strategy to rely heavily on measures 英语 第 7 页 （共 15 页） such as school activity programmes. Campaigners had warned that would not be enough; now research proves they were right even when such initiatives tackle both diet and exercise, and make efforts to reach out to families. Children in schools in Englands West Midlands were given a year of extra physical activity sessions, a healthy eating programme and cookery workshops with their parents, all of which failed to have any significant effect on childrens weight. The causes of the obesity epidemic are multiple
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