辽宁师范 《英语综合》大纲.doc

英语综合考试大纲注意：本大纲为参考性考试大纲，是考生需要掌握的基本内容。I.考试性质英语综合 是辽宁师范大学为招收英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）专业硕士研究生设置的统一入学考试初试科目之一，考试对象为报考辽宁师范大学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）专业硕士研究生入学考试（初试）的学生。II.考试内容和试卷结构（一）题型结构1. Grammar & Vocabulary （语法词汇）该部分为多项客观选择题，每题有四个选择项。2. Cloze （完型填空）该部分为一篇英文短文，空白处需要考生根据上下文语境从四个选项中选择正确的补全短文。3. Reading Comprehension （阅读理解） 该部分为英语阅读理解，题目为单项选择题，每题有四个选项。4. Translation (翻译)考试内容包括英译汉、汉译英题型。5. Writing (英语写作)根据所给题目撰写500词左右的英语作文。（二）题型示例1. Grammar & Vocabulary (1). When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question _ a variety of answers.A. defies B. magnifies C. mediates D. evokes2. Cloze The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not_1_from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone，mail order catalogs，or sending a purchase order to supplier_2_fax. E-commerce follows the same model_3_in other business transactions； the difference_4_in the details.。(1). A）distract B） descend C）differ D） derive(2). A） with B） via C） from D） off(3). A） appeared B） used C） resorted D） served(4). A） situates B） lies C） roots D） locates3. Reading comprehension PASSAGE ONEREFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea-draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Todays high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the arrays electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moores Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moores company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4-the last single-core desktop processor-clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.Directions: Choose the best answer that can complete the sentence from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.(1). Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.4. Translation（1）English-Chinese Translation:I have listened to you talk about the choices ahead of you, I have heard you articulate your worries about the relationship of success and happiness perhaps, more accurately, how to define success so that it yields and encompasses real happiness, not just money and prestige. The most remunerative choice, you fear, may not be the most meaningful and the most satisfying（2）Chinese-English Translation:如果不尝试，你将永远不知道答案。如果你不尝试去做你热爱的事情 不管是画画， 生物学或者金融，不去追求你认为的生命中最有意义的事， 那么你将抱憾终生。 人生路漫漫，你会有很多时间去尝试其他的选择，但千万别在一开始的时候就这么做5. WritingWrite a composition of about 500 words on the following topic: Some people think that advertising discourages us from being different individuals, as all people want to do the same and look the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree?