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promote the extension of strictly administering the party grass-roots, but also the educational practice of the mass line of the party and three-three special education results achieved further inherited and expanded. To realize two a learning education is a necessary solution to the present problems of party construction. Strengthen problem consciousness and insisted on problem-oriented, is full of strictly administering the party since the partys 18 a distinctive feature, a successful experience. Secretary Wang noted that some party members still have political awareness, lack of political responsibility issues, party awareness and consciousness of the problem belief does not really believe, slim does not actually fix problems, outspoken, and jump on the assessment of the partys policies, and so on. Bi Lifu Secretary pointed out that a quarter of the economic situation is very serious, there is pressure on environment, seasonal factors and other objective reasons, but mainly subjective problem, is the problem of party members and cadres. Some depressed, negative slack, not responsible, . Double six, one, and two took the lead, build energy burst, Hongshan district, economic prosperity, eco-livable, civilized and harmonious island. It certainly can not be separated from the whole area 646 grass-roots party organizations and 14,146 members of broad participation and support. Through the two study and education, so that every cell of the party health, every organization is strong, so that all members of the vanguard and exemplary role, all the fighting bastion role of grass-roots party organizations into full play so that we can cross the Rapids, overcome all difficulties and the smooth realization of the Thirteen-Five goal. Second, basic learning, focus on learning education must understand the learning content and learning styles Foundation learning these four words are important information inside is very large, capture profound work truth in life. For example, I often say that the good Carpenter NAO Carpenter, why do some carpenters made furniture to have everybody likes it, Carpenter we are not willing to look for him? are apparently two people high and low technology, dig into the deep is firmer when both of his apprentices are not solid, there is no good that way. Luban art of story primary school are learn had, first after six mark test practice conduct, and practice cultivation, and practice perseverance, and practice patience, then with seven days seven night mill axe theory armed, and unity action, seriously learning XI General Secretary on reform development stable, and Interior diplomatic defense, and rule party ruling army of important thought, seriously learning to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central ruling acting political new concept new thought new strategy, seriously learning XI General Secretary study in Inner Mongolia important speech spirit, Guide party members and a deep understanding of a series of important speeches rich connotation and core ideas, which began so thoroughly Marxist positions昆明理工大学硕士研究生入学考试数据结构与算法分析考试大纲第一部分 考试形式与试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。三、试卷内容结构基本概念、基本知识、基本方法约占40%50%；综合应用、算法和程序设计与算法分析约占50%60%。四、试卷题型结构试卷共150分,基本的考试题型为：(1)单项选择题和多项选择题；(2)填空题(基本概念、基本知识、基本方法)；(3)画图题；(4)简答题；(5)应用题(求解问题)；(6)算法和程序设计填空题；(7)算法和程序设计与分析题；(8)其它题型。五、特别说明用C语言(或C+)描述算法和程序设计。 第二部分 考察的知识及范围1.数据结构和算法数据结构、存储结构的概念；数据类型与抽象数据类型；算法的概念,用C/C+描述算法和程序设计。2.线性表线性表的定义和基本操作；线性表的抽象数据类型；线性表的顺序存储结构，应用举例；线性表的链式存储结构(单链表,双链表,循环链表),应用举例。3.栈栈的定义和基本操作；栈的抽象数据类型；顺序栈，链式栈；栈和递归算法, 算术表达式求值,其它应用。4队列队列的定义和基本操作；队列的抽象数据类型；顺序队列，链式队列；双端队列的定义和基本操作；应用举例。5.数组和广义表(1)数组数组的定义和基本操作；数组的顺序存储结构，应用举例；特殊矩阵和稀疏矩阵的压缩存储。(2)广义表广义表的定义和基本操作,广义表的抽象数据类型,广义表的存储结构。 *广义表运算的实现举例。6.字符串字符串的定义和基本操作,字符串的存储结构,字符串操作的实现举例,字符串和模式匹配。7.树和二叉树(1)树的基本概念和基本操作,树的抽象数据类型。(2)二叉树的概念和性质,特殊二叉树；二叉树的存储结构；(3)二叉树的生成与建立。 (4)遍历二叉树：前序遍历,中序遍历,后序遍历,层次遍历。(5)二叉树其它操作实现举例。(6)线索二叉树的概念和存储结构,二叉树的线索化,线索二叉树的遍历。(7)树的存储结构,树与二叉树之间的转换,森林与二叉树之间的转换,树和森林的遍历。(8)树的路径长度和带权路径长度,哈夫曼树(Huffman)的概念,哈夫曼算法, 哈夫曼编码树。(9)二叉排序树的的概念和基本操作,二叉排序树的建立,二叉排序树其它操作实现举例。8.图(1)图的基本概念和基本操作，图的抽象数据类型。(2)图的存储结构：数组表示法(邻接矩阵)；邻接表，逆邻接表，十字链表；邻接多重表。(3)图的遍历：深度优先搜索法, 宽度优先搜索法, 求图的连通分量。(4)生成树、最小生成树的概念；克鲁斯卡尔(Kruskal)算法,普里姆(Prim)算法。 *(5)从一个顶点到其余各顶点的最短路径,每对顶点之间的最短路径。*(6)拓扑排序和关键路径9.查找(1)查找的概念,关键字比较次数,平均查找长度。(2)顺序表的查找:顺序查找,折半查找,分块查找。(3)树表的查找:二叉排序树,平衡二叉树。(4)哈希(Hash)表的查找:哈希表的概念,哈希函数构造方法,哈希表的建立和查找,冲突处理方法。10.排序(1)排序的概念；排序的稳定性；比较关键字次数,移动记录次数；顺序表的排序,链接表(单链表)的排序。(2)内排序方法与算法(a)交换排序:冒泡排序,快速排序。(b)插入排序:直接插入排序,2路插入排序,折半插入排序,希尔排序。(c)选择排序:直接选择排序,锦标赛排序,堆排序。(d)归并排序。(e)基数排序。(3)各种排序算法的评价和应用。11.文件(1)文件的基本概念, 文件的基本操作。(2)文件的物理结构：顺序文件, 索引文件与索引顺序文件, 直接存取文件，链接文件和多重链表文件，倒排文件。*12.外排序 外排序的基本过程, 初始归并段的生成,多路平衡归并排序,最佳归并树。13.算法分析（1）算法分析基础(a) 熟悉渐近表示法，掌握渐近符号 O 等的定义，能判断一个较复杂的函数属于哪个渐近增长阶；(b) 熟悉一些算法复杂度分析的方法，比如说主定理法等，能对结构复杂的算法进行分析。(2)算法设计基础(a) 熟悉算法设计的三大技巧：贪心算法、分而治之，动态规划。(b) 能证明各种算法的正确性。(c) 能用这三大技巧设计相应的算法。(3)NP 完备性理论及近似算法(a) 了解并掌握 NP 完备性理论及其实际意义；(b) 熟悉多项式规约。掌握证明一个问题 NP 完全性的基本方法和思路；(c) 熟悉最小点覆盖、最大独立集等问题的 NP 完备性证明；(d) 了解并掌握近似算法的设计步骤与技巧，掌握点覆盖等问题的近似算法的设计。说明:带“*”号的章节为一般考查内容,其余为重点考查内容。 涉及重大决策事项、重要人事任免、重大项目安排和大额度资金使用等，具有决策、行政执法、行政许可、部门管理等决策、审批、自由裁量、事务管理决定权的领导岗位。To sum up, is divided into 9 main parts: 1. with regard to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. 18 since the XIOn more than one occasion, General Secretary of the historical origin and development process of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, System Info, system, uphold and develop the understanding of socialism with Chinese characteristics is determined to have been profoundly expounded, further strengthened the party and the people adhere to and develop the confidence and determination of the socialism with Chinese characteristics. XI General Secretarys speech in this regard include the peoples yearning for a better life, that is our goal, closely focus on the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics study and publicize the spirit of party 18, the unwaveringly adhere to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the persistence and good use of Mao Ze-Dongs thought of soul. 2. with regard to the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 closing soon, the new Central collective leadership when they visited the exhibition of the road to recovery, XI, General Secretary of the solemn declaration the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times. Zhihou, on more than one occasion, General Secretary expounded the scientific connotation of Chinese dream, realize the Chinese dream must take the road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion of Chinese forces, gradually formed the China dream, a strategic thought. And practice with the Chinese dream, reflects the history of the new session of the CPC Central Committee, and conforms to the development trend and the people hope, embodies the greatest common divisor and the consensus of Chinese people at home and abroad, inspiring all peoples forging ahead in unity, the spirit of unswervingly follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics flags and high melody. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including achieved Chinese great revival is Chinese modern yilai most great of dream in 12th session national peoples Congress first times Conference Shang of speech work to dream into really in achieved China dream of vivid practice in the flying youth dream achieved China dream not only benefit people, and benefit world people innovation due its Shi, dream suitable have its potential achieved Chinese great revival is both at home and abroad Chinese children common of dream,. 3. on deepening reform. 18 since the XI General Secretary for the first time to Study on the choice of the Guangdong, unequivocally express the unswervingly follow the road of reform and opening up power determination and courage. Partys 18 session adopted a decision to deepen reform, opened a new journey for deepening the reform in our country. Central has held 22 times full deepening reform led Group Conference, considered through more than 100 more items important reform programme, developed introduced more than 800 over
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