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注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效东华理工大学 2018 年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 840;科目名称：综合英语；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称： 学科教学（英语）Part I Reading Comprehension(50%，2.5*20)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AThe bag is one of the most simple and useful things in the world. It is a container made of paper or cloth. It has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. Some of them are used in the United States today.One is “bagman”. It describes a go-between. The go-between sees to it that money is passed often illegally from one person to another. Another widely-used expression is to “let the cat out of the bag”. It is used when someone tells something that was supposed to be secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag. But there is an old story about it.Long ago tradesmen sold things in large cloth bags. One day a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up a cloth bag with something moving inside it. He said it was a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a cat not a pig. The tradesmans secret was out. He was trying to trick her. And now everybody knew it.The phrase “to be left holding the bag” is as widely used as the expression “to let the cat out of the bag”. This expression makes the person left holding the bag responsible for an action, often a crime or misdeed. That person is the one who is punished. The others involved in the act escape. Where the expression came from is not clear. Some say that General George Washington used it during the American Revolutionary War. One of Washingtons officers, Royall Taylor, used the expression in a play about Daniel Shays rebellion. The play was in 1787, after Taylor helped to put down Shays rebellion.Shay led a thousand war veterans in an attack on a federal building in Springfield, Massachusetts. Guns were in the building. Some of the protesters were farmers who had no money to buy seed. Some had been put in prison for not paying their debts. They were men第 1 页，共 9 页注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效who fought one war against the king of England, and were now prepared to fight against their own government. Most of the rebels were captured. Shay and some of the officers escaped.In his play, Taylor describes Shay as disappearing, giving others “the bag to hold”.A bag is useful in many ways. Just be careful not “to let the cat out of the bag”, orsomeone may leave you “holding the bag”.1. According to the passage, a bagman refers to _.A) a person who travels around carrying his things in a bagB) a vagrant workerC) a person who delivers or collects money for criminalsD) a homeless person2. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the story about “let the cat out of the bag”?A) The tradesman wanted to play a joke with the woman.B) The woman wanted to buy a cat.C) The tradesman kept a cat in a plastic bag.D) The tradesman lied to the woman that he had a live pig in the bag.3. What can we infer from the story “to be left holding the bag”?A) The person left holding the bag was completely innocent.B) The person left holding the bag took no responsibility for committing crimes.C) Many farmers protested against the government because they couldnt pay their debts.D) Many protesters became the scapegoats for Shay and his officers.4. What does the last sentence of this passage mean?A) A bag has many different functions.B) People should often keep secret or they will be left to take the responsibility for everything.C) People should watch out and learn to take the responsibility for their actions.D) You will have to hold the bag if you let the cat out of it.5. The best title for this passage is _.A) Dont Let the Cat Out of the BagB) To Be Left Holding a BagC) Words and Their Stories: Bag ExpressionsD) Bag: A Useful Container第 2 页，共 9 页注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效Text BTraditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturallyFor example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these propertiesThis type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictableGenetic engineering（GE）involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each otherGE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different speciese.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoesIt is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problemadding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them growbut it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictableIt will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words，is GM food safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried outCompanies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or U.S. are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety testsMonsantos soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approvedThere was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic peopleThe current position of the UK Government is that “There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.” In the U.S.，the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods6. Genetic engineering.A) involves crossing varieties of the same speciesB) is safe and fairly predictableC) is dangerous and entirely unpredictable第 3 页，共 9 页
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