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欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 1 页 共 17 页 ） 1 广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考 试 年 度 ： 2021年 考 试 科 目 代 码 及 名 称 ： 613-英 语 水 平 考 试 (自 命 题 )适 用 专 业 ： 050201 英 语 语 言 文 学 友 情 提 醒 ： 请 在 考 点 提 供 的 专 用 答 题 纸 上 答 题 ， 答 在 本 卷 或 草 稿 纸 上 无 效 ！ 一 、 Gap Filling 选 词 填 空 （ 从 列 表 的 单 词 中 选 择 合 适 的 词 完 成 段落 /非 Cloze选 择 填 空 ） （ 30 题 ， 每 题 1 分 ， 共 30 分 ）WORD LISTcautious truly distinguished copies faring told another respectable era discouraging varyreap numbers flocking worth match claiminvoked that contrast perform resistantrest gentler generous translation singleimperialism hunger enthusiasticThe world is 1 getting smaller.Americans are embracing, indeed driving,a new 2 of global trade and recreational travel, jet-setting from oneinternational time zone to 3 ; we are communicating across borders by e-mail,surfing the Web for foreign news and 4 to see foreign films. It stands toreason that American publishing must also be primed to 5 the cultural bountyof a vast world literature, quickly and competently translated into the Englishlanguage. Right? Well, not exactly.Truth be 6 the figures for translations from foreign languages into English are 7 . Of all the books translated worldwide, only 6% - and that isconsidered to be a 8 estimate - are translated from foreign languages intoEnglish. By 9 , almost 50% are translated from English into other languages.In a typical week, at least half of the top-10 bestsellers on A in France andGermany are books in 10 ; on the U.S site, a recent scan showed not a 11foreign name on an extended list of 24 top sellers.And thats par for the past decade.Some midlist titles show 12 sales, but more often than not it takesvalidation on the level of a Nobel Prize to ratchet 13 up into the solidfive-figure range. It is possible to argue that translations 14 on more or less thesame level as similar English titles. Knopf senior editor George Anderou points outthat Kwasi Boachi is “a first, quite literary novel, so if one could be assured of selling7,000 copies of such a book, even if it werent in translation, I think it would be 15doing.” Nevertheless, there is no getting around the fact that sales of translation in thiscountry do not 16 sales of English titles abroad. Why are U.S. readers and publishers so 17 to literature in translation? Some chalk it up to cultural 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 2 页 共 17 页 ） 2 18 . Several writers 19 there is a certain arrogance on the part of Britishand American publishing houses, which consider anything published in anotherlanguage to be automatically 20 . English is, in practical terms, the mostimportant language in the world today, and whether imperialism is 21 or not,that reality has a certain effect on American publishing. Still, many target a lesspragmatic, more culture-specific kind of solipsism. “America is just frighteninglydifferent from the 22 of the world,” says Barbara Epler, editor-in-chief of NewDirections. “We are really Disneylanded beyond belief.” Translator PeterConstantines take on the situation is 23 . “We in America are a little bit24 - publishers are cautious about what they bring out. Here the public doesnot seem to have the 25 for translation that the European market has. ”It is difficult to say whether things have changed much in recent years -opinions 26 , and statistics are hard to come by. Drenka Willen, a senior editorat Harcourt believes that theres been an upturn in the past seven or eight years, with even poetry in translation 27 better. Robert Weil, executive editor at W. W.Norton, is downright 28 about foreign translations. “So few publishers areinvolved 29 you can publish the work of superb overseas writers. Its anembarrassment of riches. We, as American publishers, ignore 30 works thatcan be very commercial. But you have to know what youre doing.”二 、 Proofreading and error correction 改 错 题 (15题 ， 每 题 2分 ， 共 30 分 )The following passages contain 15 errors. Each indicated line contains amaximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct theerrors and write the answers onYOURANSWER SHEET in the following way. For a wrong word, write the correct one on Your Answer Sheet.For a missing word, write the missing word with a “” sign before it on Your AnswerSheet.For an unnecessary work, write the unnecessary word with a deleting line on it onYour Answer Sheet.ExampleWrite on yourAnswer Sheet.二 、 Proofreading and Error Correction.31. an 32. never 33. exhibitPassageAPeoples attitude toward drugs varies from person toperson. Some regard it as miraculous; others think of (31) them as dangerous. Then what is the sensible attitude 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 3 页 共 17 页 ） 3 toward drugs? I think the first thing to think is the (32)difference between drugs and wonder drugs. Theantibiotics can really treat certain bacterial diseases. (33)On the other hand, the major diseases threateningAmericans today are cancer, stroke, high bloodpressure, coronary disease, etc.Against them, thedoctors bag of tricks is limited. He has wonder (34)drugs. So the first important lesson is not to expecttoo many from drugs. If you can accept the fact (35)that the war against many of our most devastatingdiseases is, at best, a holding operation more than (36)an inevitable triumph, they will do a great deal to (37)ease your own life as well as that of your doctor.Too many patients exert great pressure on doctors to describe for every symptom, even when such (38)treatment is unwarranted or dangerous.Unfortunately, the medical profession is guilty in (39)taking part, to a certain extent, in the wrongfulaction. The patient who demands a shot of penicillinfor every sniffle and sneeze may be given an injectionby a reluctant physician because he is certain thatif he does not, the patient will not search until he (40)finds a doctor who will.Passage BThe terms “attachment” and “bonding” are often usedinterchangeably, even though they had similar implications. (41) However, they have quite distinctive meanings. Bondingactually refers to the parents tie to the infant and thought to (42)occur in the first hours or days of life.Attachment, in contrast,refers to the relationship between infants and primary care-givers, who develops gradually. Parent to infant bonding (43)has been argued to occur quite suddenly, especially uponfirst contact with the infant immediately after birth. There isno so implication in the term attachment.As with any vital (44)relationship, there can be no attachment. Rather, theinfant-caregiver relationship builds over time. It evolvesthrough series of characteristic phases, with each phase (45)drawing on the one before. In fact, newborn infants are not yet capable of attachment,since they have little ability to distinguish one person from another and no concept ofa permanent object. Because attachment refers to a relationship and not simply an experience of the parent, it is inappropriate to say that an attachment relationship hasformed until the second half year. Even then the relationship is not fully formed or 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 4 页 共 17 页 ） 4 fixed. It continues to evolve toward what John Bowlby called a “partnership” duringthe preschool years and to be elaborated三 、 Sentence Completion 完 成 句 子 （ 根 据 提 供 的 词 ， 用 合 适 的 词的 形 式 完 成 句 子 填 空 ） （ 15题 ， 每 题 2 分 ， 共 30分 ）46. doubtThe result of this was believers still believed and doubters remained .47. existAsia-Europe cooperation should be an example of harmonious amongcountries. 48. patriotChinas history stretches over thousands of years, and _ has always been a stirringtheme and a powerful force inspiring the Chinese of all ethnic groups to carry on andexcel.49. adaptLarge animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of for reducingthe effects of extreme heat.50. increaseManaging our complex and interdependent relationship is daunting andrequires speaking to the right people at the right time on the rights issues and in theright way. 51. determineThis is a critical priority for me in the coming period and that , I am pleasedto say, is shared by the other major players in the negotiation.52. relyBold structural policies are needed to shift Chinas growth away from heavy industry,high energy use, and dependence on exports towards greater on domesticdemand and production of services.53. scarceThe rising cost of food represents an even more immediate danger. Foodhas already resulted in worldwide riots.54. benefit The time of zero-sum mentality is past, so we should work together for mutually 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 5 页 共 17 页 ） 5 cooperation instead.55. wideAnegative result of globalization is the of the inequality between the highlyeducated and the less educated, between urban and rural incomes, and between coastaland inland provinces.56. longAs technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of variouschemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has .57. prosperWhat we today callAmerican folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinaryeveryday “folks” who, with increasing and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.58. capableThrough the face-to-face exchange, the two delegations had a better understanding ofeach others intentions and .59. aboundBut he had still at intervals a kind listener in Mrs. Philips, and was, by herwatchfulness, most supplied with coffee and muffin.60. certainAmidst the rising and destabilizing factors in the world economy, thefinancial crisis in the United States is spreading and the international financial markethas seen increasing volatility. 四 、 Reading Comprehension 阅 读 理 解 （ 30 题 ， 每 题 2 分 ， 共 60分 ）TextAWhen Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonalds inJanuary 2004, the worlds biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery inAmerica and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exceptionwas France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the groupsFrench subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicatethis success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers favouriteenemy operates.So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8%and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 6 页 共 17 页 ） 6 Europe accounted for 36% of the groups profits and for 28% of its sales. Decemberwas an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in Franceand Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.Mr Hennequins recipe for revival is to be more open about his companysoperations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his6,400 restaurants. McDonalds is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers,treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American.Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address theseconcerns.He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugelypopular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonalds through thevisitors programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year,put detailed labels on McDonalds packaging with data on calories, protein, fat,carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menialjobs at McDonalds restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of hisefforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a“McPassport” that allows McDonalds employees to work anywhere in the EuropeanUnion. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from easternEurope more easily available to McDonalds managers across the continent.To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonalds employs localbosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonalds in Russia, though aSerb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifthsof its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the Frenchfarmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequentlydiscovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such asHeidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his companys drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. Thestudio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a“food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.Given Frances reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seemsodd that McDonalds revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideascooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the companys most profitablemarket after America. The market where McDonalds is weakest in Europe is notFrance, but Britain.“Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst atUBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonalds restaurants in Britain arecompany-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The companysuffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steadyincome from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets aspossible, says Mr Palmer. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that Europeancompany-owned restaurants margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is 欢 迎 报 考 广 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 ， 祝 你 考 试 成 功 ！ （ 第 7 页 共 17 页 ） 7 still less than in the late 1990s and below Americas 18-19% today. But it is muchbetter than before Mr Hennequins reign. He is already being tipped as the firstEuropean candidate for the groups top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that aMcJob.61. The word “sterling” in line 3 of ParagraphAmeans_.A. difficultB. menialC. terribleD. excellent62. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOTTRUE?A. It tends to make people fat. B. Its operations are very vague.C. It tends to exploit workers.D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.63. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesiredresult?A. “Food Studio” scheme.B. “Open Door” visitor days.C. The “McPassport” scheme.D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.64. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?A. set up a “Food Studio” .B. established a “Design Studio”. C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.D. employed local bosses as much as possible.65. _of McDonalds restaurants in America are companiedowned and the figureis much lower than that in Britain.A. 40% B.15% C. 50% D. 16.4%66. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period ofslump inAmerica andAustralia, but sales in Europe were_.A
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