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浙江工商大学2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试试卷（B）卷考试科目：257英语（二外）总分：100分 考试时间：3小时Part I Reading Comprehension （每小题 1.5 分，共 45 分）Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）, and D）. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Intemefs tremendous impacts have only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,5, Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion Deople worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, its that authors dont spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes and more importantly predicts how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that technology is neutral, but people arent. By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy （对立观点）that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad fbr society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, theyre also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance （监视）.1, In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A. It transforms human history;B. It facilitates daily communication.C. It is adopted by all humanity.D. It revolutionizes peoples thinking.2. How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A. They are immeasurable.B. They are worldwide.C. They are unpredictable.D. They are contaminating.3. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A. It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B. It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C. It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D. It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.4. What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A. People will be living in two different realities.B. People will have equal access to infonnation.C. People dont have to travel to see the world.D. People dont have to communicate face to face.5. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A. They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B. They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C. They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D. They dont take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage 2Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person the world today” or Tifb or reality he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed （释放的）emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever.For me, this moment four years in a moment in history was the war. The war was and is reality for me. I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty. Nylon, meat, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isnt very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with service men”. The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting fbr the sixteen-year-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you.This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it, Tb waste anything in America is immoral. String and tinfbil are treasures. Newspapers are always crowded with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch （突然倾斜）from its path when you see something in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook.答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效第2页共12页6. Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?A. Reality is what you make of it.B. Time is like a river.C. Emotions are powerful.D. Every person has a special moment.7. Why does the author still clearly remember the war?A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.B. It was his personal reality and part of his life.C. There was not much to buy.D. The war would never end.8. Which statement best describes the authors feelings about the war?A. It was ever real fbr him, yet he was not actively involved.B. It was real fbr him because he was a soldier at that time.C. It was very unreal to him.D. The war was very disruptive to the people at home.9. Why does the author think that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds?A. Adults would like to be young.B. Sixteen-year-olds do not waste things.C. Sixteen-year-olds read newspapers.D. They will be fighting soon for adults.10. Why does the author say that string and tinfbil are treasures?A. The war has made them scarce.B. They are useful to sixteen-year-olds.C. He liked them when he was sixteen.D. People are very wasteful.Passage 3Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry William Shakespeare but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side dont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records fbr three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year theyll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford most attractive clientele. They come entirely fbr the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down fbr the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.11. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that .A. the townsfolk deny the RSCs contribution to the towns revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism12. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theatre13. By saying Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid14. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because .A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableI X人 xl- - _ x.- - xu. * - - . - a t. - _* . .u. uie iiieane aitenuiiiice is on me rise15. From the text we can conclude that the author .A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCPassage 4Hunting fbr a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, DC. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. T struck gold, says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need fbr repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, fbr example, may work against you: Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,n says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow conceptwhat you think you want to dothen broaden it. None of these programs do that,” says another expert. Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. 4I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Careersite agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing fbr CareerSite.Even those who arent hunting fbr jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating fbr a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. You always keep your eyes open, he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.16. How did Redmon find his job?A. By searching openings in a job database.B. By posting a matching position in a database.C. By using a special service of a database.D. By E-mailing his resume to a database.17. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?A. Lack of counseling.B. Limited number of visits.C. Lower efficiency.D. Fewer successful matches.18. The expression tip service, (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means .A. advisoryB. compensationC. interactionD. reminder19. Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?A. To fbcus on better job matches.B. To attract more returning visits.C. To reserve space for more messages.D. To increase the rate of success.20. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B. Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C. Personal search agents are also helpful to those already emp
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