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S “ S “ JrT : :2t bt?v M V 3q 3 I k k k5 “ S “ S “ JrT s si s5 i Y sAs5 k5 (r k5 s5B k5 Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points) 1 The quantum hypothesis explained the observed rate of emission of radiation from hot bodies very well, but its implications for determinism were not realized until 1926, when another German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present position and velocity accurately. The obvious way to do this is to shine light on the particle. Some of the waves of light will be scattered by the particle and this will indicate its position. However, one will not be able to determine the position of the particle more accurately than the distance between the wave crests of light, so one needs to use light of a short wavelength in order to measure the position of the particle precisely. Now, by Plancks quantum hypothesis, one cannot use an arbitrarily small amount of light; one has to use at least one quantum. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its velocity in a way that cannot be predicted. Moreover, the more accurately one measures the position, the shorter the wavelength of the light that one needs and hence the higher the energy of a single quantum. So the velocity of the particle will be disturbed by a larger amount. In other words, the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can measure its speed, and vice versa. 2 The beauty of our country is hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and large countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round corner. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small place. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted thingsmountains, plains, rivers, lakesto the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains. 3 About dusk the snow will stop, and by full dark a high, white moon will come sailing in like a galleon, and an icy, diamond powdering of stars will follow. In the blue-and-silver night there are no blurred edges. This is the time of clarity, of cutting beauty. Out in the night there will be no sound except of branches clicking together and a vast, far skein of wind flung down from the sky. I know if I sit here long enough by the window, I will see the red conflagration of dawn, and in the new day there will be the wonderful gifts that only brilliant winter day after a storm brings: the shattering scarlet of redbirds at the back-yard feeder. It will be a day to sweep the path to the bird feeders and put out seed and withered apples like old ladies cheeks for the impatient animals. S “ S “ JrT : :Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points) 1 B B YB 7? 3 f LX F H B= FUB F - n F ?K MaKe 3 ? FU *B e F - *Bhb vCS .db * / $ Mu4v o / 3 220 p + $ $uv bu3 E= v *B 7 f L$ u cv 9 B L $ 2 i 36 3X VsbS WV C “B VP| Y L * ril V ? LCbS | r BS= | SlCy ! W a ?Zb W)vM H S= 98 tzb AGy !B aaN W7S m b Part Three: Read the following passage carefully and write an essay of about 300 words, elaborating on the authors argument. Your score would be reduced on proportion to the number of sentences you copy from the passage. (50 points) Do you reward yourself for your accomplishments? It is important that we take the time to celebrate even our small victories. Its time to take a step back and realize that instead of focusing on all that were not getting done, we should be focusing on all that we are getting done. I call this the Celebrate the Small Victories approach. The intent is to give a little love to yourself for all of the hard work you put into each day. This will make for a much happier existence, boost your self-esteem by placing focus on the positive and likely make you even more productive and energetic as time goes on. You cant lose! By marking these successes, we make them stick out in our minds. It forces us to acknowledge our progress and increases the likelihood well repeat the positive behavior in the future. Did you have a good day at work today? Did you finish a noteworthy project or deliver a good presentation? Did you close a sale? For stay-at-home moms, did you survive another day with a toddler? Did the kids get to and from school on time? Did you finish a household chore? Whatever your goals, be sure to recognize your victories. So, go ahead and treat yourself for all your victories, even the small ones!
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