2021年考研英语二模拟题（二）.doc

2021年考研英语二模拟题（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1_ of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 _similar pattern is 3 _from parents to children, 4 _nobody knows why this is the 5_ .The ridge 6_ on a person finger doesnt change 7_ growth and is not affected by 8_ injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 _part of the skin will be replaced 10_ by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11_ pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12_ Some criminals make use of this to 13_ their own finger-prints 14_ this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 _.Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printers ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16_ can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17_ the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A18_ man may deny the charge but this may be 19_ . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20_ has been changed by age or accident.1. A. uselessness B. quantity C. magnitude D. uniqueness2. A. naturally B. exactly C. especially D. particularly3. A. passed on B. passed away C. passed out D. passed off4. A. if B. when C. though D. as5. A. reasonB. cause C. ground D. case6. A. construction B. structure C. location D. position7. A. with B. because of C. until D. under8. A. grave B. severe C. substantial D. superficial9. A. outside B. outward C. inner D. outer10. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. behind time11. A. original B. different C. definite D. customary12. A. restored B. hurt C. destroyed D. restricted13. A. diminish B. dispose C. undermine D. remove14. A. and B. but C. when D. if15. A. make B. take C. do D. adapt16. A. realization B. detection C. identification D. investigation17.A. In spite of B. Irrespective of C. Because of D. In case of18. A. suspected B. doubted C. distrusted D. doubtful19. A. out of case B. in vain C. at random D. in question20. A. look B. expression C. appearance D. sightSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States in 1932, not only the United States but also the rest of the world was in the throes of an economic depression. Following the termination of World War I, Britain and the United States at first experienced a boom in industry. Called the Roaring Twenties, the 1920s ushered in a number of things prosperity, greater equality for women in the work world, rising consumption, and easy credit. The outlook for American business was rosy.October 1929 was a month that had catastrophic economic reverberations worldwide. The American stock market witnessed the “Great Crash,” as it is called, and the temporary boom in the American economy came to a standstill. Stock prices sank, and panic spread. The ensuing unemployment figure soared to 12 million by 1932.Germany in the postwar years suffered from extreme deprivation because of burdensome compensation it was obliged to pay to the Allies. The countrys industrial capacity had been greatly diminished by the war. Inflation, political instability, and high unemployment were factors helpful to the growth of the initial Nazi party. Germans had lost confidence in their old leaders and heralded the arrival of a messiah-like figure who would lead them out of their economic wilderness. Hitler promised jobs and, once elected, kept his promise by providing employment in the party, in the newly expanded army, and in munitions factories. Roosevelt was elected because he promised a “New Deal” to lift the United States out of the doldrums of the depression. Following the principles advocated by Keynes, a British economist, Roosevelt collected the spending capacities of the federal government to provide welfare, work, and agricultural aid to the millions of down-and-out Americans. Elected President for four terms because of his innovative policies, Roosevelt succeeded in dragging the nation out of the depression before the outbreak of World War II. 21、The word “ensuing” in Para.2 is closest in meaning to _.A) following B)promisingC) continuing D)lasting22、Which of the following was NOT true at the time Roosevelt was elected? Stock prices were recovering slowly.The nation was in a deep depression.There were 12 million unemployed workers.The nation needed help from the federal government.23、The “Great Crash” in the passage refers to _. the end of World War Ithe Great Depression high unemployment a slump in the stock market24、We can infer that the author of this passage _.disapproves of Roosevelts “New Deal”thinks the Depression could have been avoidedblames the Depression on the “Great Crash”feels there was some similarity between Roosevelt and Hitler25、The best title for the passage is _.The TwentiesThe Great CrashThe DepressionThe End of World War IText 2 Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital. Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. if there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”.Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school, children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best as they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.26、The author points out at the beginning that _.every child in the hospital receives some teachingnot enough is known about hospital teaching hospital teaching is of poor qualitythe special childrens hospitals are worst off27、It can be inferred from the latest survey that _. hospital teaching across the country is similareach hospital has at least one part-time teacherall hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenonly one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers28、According to the passage, reasons for hospital teaching are_.preventing a child from falling behindmaintaining the habit of schoolkeeping a child occupiedall of the above29. Children in hospital usually turn to _ in order to catch up with their school work. A) hospital teachersB) schoolmates C) parentsD) school teachers30. We can conclude from the passage that the author is _. A) unfavorable toward children receiving education in hospitals B) in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals C) unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching D) satisfied with the results of the latest surveyText 3National parties in the United States have generally been weak in structure and wary of ideology. Many writers have said that American parties are the least centralized in the world. However, the argument that parties have not represented significant differences in policy can be pushed too far. For example, in this century, at least the Republicans have been more committed than the Democrats to a market-oriented economy, while the Democrats have been more prepared to use government to address economic problems. Within both parties there has been wide variance on issues, but in general the Republicans have been the more conservative and the Democrats the more liberal.Both parties, however, have resisted reducing these tendencies in their social, economic, and moral belief systems to a rigid ideology. And neither, until recently, vested much authority in its national party structure.At state and local levels, on the other hand, party organizations often achieved impressive levels of solidarity and internal discipline. Both Democrats and Republicans maintained potent local political organizations in many cities and states.Whatever their merits or demerits, the traditional organizations went into steep decline during the 1950s and 1960s. the old organizations lost the ability to maintain internal discipline. The share of the voters regarding themselves as political independents, that is, people not affiliated with either of the major parties, rose.There were several reasons for the loss of effectiveness of the major party organizations. Development of a welfare state administered by the federal government established some of the services that had formerly been dispensed by the organizations as political favors. As recent immigrants became more educated they were less dependent on the party workers. The inclusion of more state employees under civil service protection dried up some of the ole wells of patronage. Growing unionization of public employees after 1960 struck as even more serious blow at the patronage system. Television brought candidates into voters living rooms, thereby antiquating some of the communication and education functions of party workers. Most of all, perhaps, the old tribal differences associated with the parties began to seem irrelevant to members of generations that sought fresh identities.31. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) American political parties in the 20th century. B) the role of ideology in American politics. C) the future direction of United States politics. D) differences between Republicans and Democrats.32. According to the passage, what is true of the major political parties in the United States? A) They are both generally conservative. B) Party organizations have been stronger at the state level than at the national level C) Party organizations have increased their influence in recent years. D) Democrats have been stronger than Republicans at the national level.33. The passage mentions all of the following as causes of the decline of political organization in the United States EXCEPT _. A) increased number of immigrants B) development of the welfare state C) improved conditions for state workers D) the influence of television34. The passage supports which of the following conclusions? A) Democrats are more committed than Republicans to a market-oriented economy. B) Republicans are more liberal than Democrats C) Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions. D) Only Democrats have traditional political organizations.35. The word “antiquating” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _. A) making out-of-dateB) undermining C) strengthening D) reducing the efficiencyText 4Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of body temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana each cold-blooded usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms. But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms, and the latter are called ectotherms. Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments