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第 1 页 共 16 页姓名：报考专业：准考证号码：密封线内不要写题2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：翻译硕士英语（A 卷B 卷）科目代码：211考试时间：3 小时 满分 100分可使用的常用工具：无 计算器 直尺 圆规（请在使用工具前打）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1. For many patients, institutional care is the most _ and beneficial form of care. A. pertinent B. appropriate C. acute D. persistent 2. The bad weather and a lack of food imply _ our problems. A. compounded B. enhanced C. salvaged D. transformed 3. Mr. Smith became very _ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake. A. ingenious B. empirical C. objective D. indignant 第 2 页 共 16 页4. I wish someone would invent a _ for opening milk cartons my family always makes a mess of it! A. device B. devise C. trigger D. pulley 5. The whole system has been _ so we can no longer ask anyone for help. A. digitalB. computerize C. automaticD. automated 6. She remains confident and _ untroubled by our present problems. A. indefinitely B. infinitely C. optimistically D. seemingly 7. I dont think we will ever find another planet that can _ life. A. sustain B. survive C. supply D. suspend 8. The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the _. A. vain B. vicinity C. court D. jail 9. The majority of cave art was created in prehistoric _ . 第 3 页 共 16 页A. time B. times C. era D. stage 10. Everyone should travel; it really _ the mind. A. widensB. opens C. develops D. broadens11. All the merchandise in this shop _ made in China.A. isB. areC. wereD. been12. Pride _ before a fall.A. will goB. goesC. must goD. would go13. He never has anything to do, _?A. hasnt heB. doesnt heC. does heD. has he14. Clintons marriage _ last year.A. knocked outB. split up第 4 页 共 16 页C. fell throughD. broke down15. Everything was in a _ of disorder.A. conditionB. caseC. situationD. state 16. Its no good _ him. He is always indifferent towards others matters.A. turning to B. to turn to C. turn to D. turned to17. If she _, she would have succeeded.A. worked harderB. had worked harderC. were to work harderD. has worked harder18. He wishes it _ tomorrow.A. would rainB. will rainC. rainsD. rained19. The earnings of women are well below that of men _ educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.A. although B. thoughC. in spite of 第 5 页 共 16 页D. despite of20. Try hard _, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.A. as will heB. will as heC. he will asD. as he willPart II. Error Correction (10 points, 1 point for each) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You are required to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and write the missing word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you change a word, cross it and put your word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. Remember to write the correct number beside each blank on the answer sheet. Culture refers to the social heritage of a people the learnedpatterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize apopulation or society, include the expression of these patterns in 21. _material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture 22. _abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutionalarrangements and material culture physical object like 23. _cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflectsboth the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary 24. _speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another 25. _language the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, 26. _第 6 页 共 16 页literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to behuman is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world 27. _of experience we share with other members of our group.Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind 28. _of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your wayabout social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom,or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh 29. _at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, 30. _ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.Therefore, if we know a persons culture, we can understandand even predict a good deal of his behavior.Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point for each) Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food 第 7 页 共 16 页readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.31. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.A. posing a contrastB. justifying an assumption第 8 页 共 16 页C. making a comparisonD. explaining a phenomenon32. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that _.A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB. resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions33. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _.A. more inclined to weigh what they getB. attentive to researchers instructionsC. nice in both appearance and temperamentD. more generous than their male companions34. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _.A. prefer grapes to cucumbersB. can be taught to exchange thingsC. will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD. are unhappy when separated from others35. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage:The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of 第 9 页 共 16 页desert like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the earths land surface is threatened by this process.Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water. In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface. In other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand.Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soils ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions. Continued gradual global warming has produced an increase in aridity for some areas over the past few thousand years. The process may be accelerated in subsequent decades if global warming resulting from air pollution seriously increases.There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that are common 第 10 页 共 16 页phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion. 36. The loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil? A. increased stony content B. reduced water absorption C. increased numbers of spaces in the soil D. reduced water runoff37. In dry periods, border areas have difficulty_A. adjusting to stresses created by settlement B. retaining their fertility after desertification C. providing water for irrigating crops D. attracting populations in search of food and fuel38. Which of the following is often associated with raising crops? A. lack of proper irrigation techniques B. failure to plant crops suited to the particular area C. removal of the original vegetation D. excessive use of dried animal waste39. The phrase “devoid of” (Last line, Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to_.A. consisting of B. hidden by
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