2015南京大学英语语言文学(B组)语言学真题回忆（完整版）.docx

2015 南京大学英语语言文学(B 组) 语言学真题回忆.术语辨析并举例子(24 分)(1) langue vs. parole(2) homography vs. homophony(3) contrastive distribution vs. complementary distribution(4) sense vs. reference. Write the international phonetic alphabet for the following linguistic terms.(18分)(1)vernacular(2)idiolect(3)euphemism(4)lingua franca(5)alliteration(6)prescriptivism(7)obligatory(8)genre(9)nasal(10)anaphora(11)phoneme(12)generative.根据提示选出不同的一项并用一句话解释。(20 分)(1) A./m/ B./p/ C./b/ D./n/ (辅音的不同)(2)A.breakfast B.skillful C.killer D.stroke (k的不同)(3)A.consist B.resist C.assist D.insist (第二音节第一个 s发音的不同)(4)A.inhale B.intake C.inexhaustible D.inconvenient (第一个 n发音的不同)(5)A.relate B.revolve C.reconsider D.resolve (重音的不同)(6)A.retire B.withdraw C.depend D.suffice (transtivity的不同)(7)A.husband/wife B.parent/child C.teacher/student D.university/school (语义关系的不同)(8)A.because B.nevertheless C.hence D.however (word type的不同)(9)A.progmatics B.phonology C.percetion D.economics (词缀的不同)(10)A.articulatory phonetics B.sequentional phonetics C.acoustic phonetics D.auditory phonetics (语音学分类的不同).分析句子歧义，进行 paraphrase，并画树状图。(18 分)He was watching the girl with binoculars.用相关语言学知识分析句子的不同。(20 分) (具体题目没抄)pair one: The door opened./ The door was opened.pair two: He loaded the truck with books./ He loaded the books onto the truck.定义主位和述位，根据短文就句子的主位结构进行分析，讨论作者是怎么选择句子的主位的。(短文没抄，大概内容是希腊人对美的认识和要求，但是苏格拉底以丑为教育内容，云云。).陈述 speech acts (John Searle提出的)的类型，每个类型下写出两种子类型，并举例子，再讨论各个子类型在不同语言文化中的作用。