2020年外交学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题回忆.docx

新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/翻硕考研辅导班： 2020 年外交学院翻译硕士 MTI 考研真题回忆 211 翻译硕士英语：一、单项选择题（10 个 10 分）考形近义词区分（e.g. irrigation irritation interrogation）考固定搭配 （e.g. a multitude of, 选项会有 magnitude，altitude）其它二、完型/选词填空（10 空 10 分）（2015.06 六级第二套选词填空）（红色字体为答案，15 选 10）Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with,just as the weavers were.For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered jobless, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technologys impact will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.三、改错（10 个 10 分）（考试部分有删改，这是原文）题目： Yale study shows class bias in hiring based on few seconds of speech（有兴趣的同学可以深入阅读）Candidates at job interviews expect to be evaluated on their experience, conduct, and ideas, but a new study by Yale researchers provides evidence that interviewees are judged based on their social status seconds after they start to speak.The study, to be published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrates that people can accurately assess a strangers socioeconomic position defined by their income, education, and occupation status based on brief speech patterns and shows that these snap perceptions influence hiring managers in ways that favor job applicants from higher social classes.“Our study shows that even during the briefest interactions, a persons speech patterns shape the way people perceive them, including assessing their competence and fitness for a job,” said Michael Kraus, assistant professor of organizational behavior at the 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/Yale School of Management. “While most hiring managers would deny that a job candidates social class matters, in reality, the socioeconomic position of an applicant or their parents is being assessed within the first seconds they speak a circumstance that limits economic mobility and perpetuates inequality.” The researchers based their findings on five separate studies. 四、阅读理解（4 篇 20 分，每篇 5 道题）关于洛克国家学说以及 18 世纪美国 （只能找到相关材料，未找到原文，欢迎补充。个人觉得有点难。）男女礼仪问题SAD（seasonal affective disorder）(文中介绍了一些症状，原因以及解决方法)美国对于科技巨头的措施（题型比较常规，记忆最深的是作者态度题，还有哪一句话 best state the article?）五、Summary (400 words) (20 分)(12 段)(Newsweek International)Two Americas?A massive wave of hispanic immigration is raising questions about identity and integration.Byline: Joseph Contreras, With Jennifer Ordonez in Los Angeles and Arian Campo-Flores in Miami新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/In his provocative 1996 book “The Clash of Civilizations,“ Samuel P. Huntington argued that culture would replace ideology as the principal cause of conflict in the 21st century. The Harvard professor foresaw a collision of “Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance and Chinese assertiveness“ that would dominate global politics in the post-cold-war era. In his new book, “Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity,“ the conservative Cassandra looks at American society through that same cultural prism and discerns an internal clash of civilizations: the new war is between the countrys white majority and its burgeoning Hispanic population.“The most serious challenge to Americas traditional identity comes from the immense and continuing immigration from Latin America, especially from Mexico,“ writes Huntington in an excerpt from the forthcoming book published in Foreign Policy magazine. “As their numbers increase, Mexican Americans feel increasingly comfortable with their own culture and often contemptuous of American culture.“ Never one to shrink from controversy, the 76-year-old academic asks pointedly: “Will the United States remain a country with a single national language and a core Anglo-Protestant culture? By ignoring this question, Americans acquiesce to their eventual transformation into two peoples with two cultures (Anglo and Hispanic) and two languages (English and Spanish).“The backlash has not been long in coming-from both sides of the Rio Grande. The Mexican author Carlos Fuentes labeled Huntington a “racist“ in the influential Mexico City newspaper Reforma last week and deplored the professors “stigmatizing of the Spanish language as a practically subversive factor of division.“ The self-described conservative U.S. columnist David Brooks took issue with Huntingtons Kulturkampf scenario in The New York Times. “The mentality that binds us is not well described by the words Anglo or Protestant, wrote Brooks. “There are no significant differences between Mexican-American lifestyles and other American lifestyles.“At a time when white U.S. politicians are tripping over each other in hot pursuit of the Latino voter, Huntingtons Hispanophobia has reopened some unresolved questions about identity and integration. 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/Are Hispanics rejecting the powerful forces of American cultural assimilation, which swallowed up the successive waves of European immigrants who preceded them? Are their swelling ranks and enduring loyalty to Latin American culture and the Spanish language carving out Hispanic-dominated enclaves like Miami where, as Huntington puts it, native Anglos and African-Americans become “outside minorities that can often be ignored“? Or are Hispanics simply redefining the meaning of mainstream in an ever more diverse, multicultural United States of America?Statistics amply document the rise of the Hispanic American. Native and foreign-born U.S. residents of Latin American ancestry overtook blacks as the largest American minority three years ago and are fast approaching the 40 million mark. Between 8 million and 10 million of these Hispanics are thought to be illegal immigrants, and nearly 70 percent are Mexicans. If current birthrates and rising levels of immigration continue, Hispanics could attain majority status in California by 2018, and may account for fully one quarter of all Americans by the middle of this century.It is the roughly 22 million Mexicans in America who most trouble Huntington. He contrasts the success story of Miamis Cuban-Americans-who transformed that city into the economic capital of Latin America-with the Mexican immigrants of the American Southwest, the overwhelming percentage of whom are described as “poor, unskilled and poorly educated.“ The children of this Mexican underclass, concludes Huntington, “are likely to face similar conditions. (只找到这么多，欢迎有资源的小伙伴补充，谢谢。）六、写作 （800 words）题目： My view on genetically modified food357 英语翻译基础：新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/一、短语互译：（30 分）1. 春联2. 成品油3. 二维码4. 可耕地5. 磁悬浮6. 国际仲裁7. 数字鸿沟8. 人类命运共同体9. 新型大国关系10. 和平共处五项原则11. 国际货币基金组织12. 博鳌亚洲论坛13. 关税及贸易总协定14. 总体国家安全观15. 下行压力16. CPI17. ITU18. IPO19. NATO20. IOC21. CIIE22. OECD新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/23. ozone player24. resident doctor25. nationally determined contributions26. box office27. genetic editing28. UNGA(考试中用的是全称)29. value added tax30. prenuptial agreement二、段落翻译：（12 段 120 分，每段 10 分，EC 和 CE 各 6 段）英译汉，6 段1. Drop your car, get on the bus (the Christian Science Monitor)(2008.04.21)Weve come to expect that otherwise ordinary citizens behind a wheel and traffic do not a happy mix make. Perfectly civil people lose their ability to have compassion for others. But oddly enough, when the barrier of the car is lifted, human beings prove they do love one another instinctively and compassionately.Look no further than public transportation to see how this love and compassion are honored elsewhere on the road.A woman boarding a bus, struggling to lift a baby carriage, is apt to be quickly aided by another passenger.2. 关于兄弟姐妹与父母关系的，有关键词但搜不到准确文章。3. （前 IMF 总裁拉加德 2016.10.06 在美国华盛顿的讲话）After six years of “disappointing“ growth, the world economy is gaining momentum.For advanced economies, the outlook had improved with stronger manufacturing activity, this upswing was broad-based across countries, including in Europe, although some countries still faced high debt and weaknesses in some banks, .The prospects for 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/emerging and developing economies also boded well for global growth，adding they have driven the global recovery in recent years and would continue to contribute more than three-quarters of global gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2017.4. 关于 policy， 有一个 self-inflicted wound。5. .6. .汉译英，6 段1.1972 年中希建交，特别是 2006 年两国建立全面战略伙伴关系以来，双方坚持互尊互信，从战略高度和长远角度坚定发展双边关系；坚持合作共赢，推动贸易投资、基础设施建设等合作取得丰硕成果，将比雷埃夫斯港打造为地中海第一大港。2. 多年来，中国政府认真落实气候变化领域南南合作政策承诺，支持发展中国家特别是最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家、小岛屿发展中国家应对气候变化挑战。为加大支持力度，中国在今年 9 月宣布设立 200 亿元人民币的中国气候变化南南合作基金。3. 与此同时，国际粮价持续走低，国内粮价居高不下，粮价倒挂。我们应利用现阶段国内外市场粮食供给宽裕的时机，在部分地区实行耕地轮作休耕制度。既有利于耕地休养生息和农业可持续发展，又有利于平衡粮食供求矛盾、稳定农民收入、减轻财政压力。（第一句有改动，但意思一样，用词一样。）4. 65 年来，教育始终是推动中英关系发展的重要动力，“汉语桥” 是中英教育合作的瑰宝。它起步于语言，而超越语言；它发源于中国，而走向世界；它产生于课堂，而走进心灵。学好汉语，才能真正走进五千年未曾间断的中华文明。5. 中国和英国社会制度不同，历史文化不同，发展水平不同。（貌似少一句）新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/中英两国作为东西方文明的代表，在很多方面有共同点。英国人注重优雅，诚信，独立的品格，中国人强调仁义礼智信的道德准则。6. 中英互补性强。中国在制造业方面有优势，英国在生命科学，制造业产业方面有优势。我们期望与欧洲建成“和平 增长 改革 文明”的四个伙伴关系。（大概意思）448 汉语写作与百科知识：一、选择题（30 个 30 分）1 五岳（选项会在北岳恒山和南岳衡山混淆）2 古代最大的一部百科全书3 穿越回哪个朝代，最有可能看到.（考时间定位以及时间段内发生的事）4 关于形神的说法，下面有选项 选项中有 范缜神灭论5 作品的作者在同一大洲的是6 四个全面中居于统领地位的是7 民族与民歌对应正确的是（类似于信天游-陕北）8 明朝晚期，传教士谁来到中国传播基督教。在他“习儒归汉”影响下，天主教得到较大发展。（选项中有马可波罗，利玛窦，郎世宁等）9 提到了文学的革命，战争的革命，还有一个忘了。 问题是四大发明中哪个没有对这三个发挥作用10 宋代在“十二经”的基础上，再加上什么成了“十三经”? 孟子11 关于经史子集的各自内容对应12 四大书院中，明朝，由顾宪成等人在此重兴修复聚众讲学，位于江苏无锡的新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/是13 关于京杭大运河，说法错误的是 （选项可能有变化）（这是正确的知识点：京杭大运河是世界上最长的人工运河，南起杭州，北到北京，途径浙江、江苏、河北、山东四省及北京、天津两市，贯通黄河、海河、淮河、长江、钱塘江五大水系。） 14 北宋毕昇发明什么活字印刷？ 泥活字印刷15 下面哪个不是二十四史？ 清史稿16 关于非物质文化遗产，下列说法不正确的是17 不属于景德镇四大传统名瓷的是： 白瓷应为：青花 玲珑 粉彩 颜色釉18（乡试会试殿试的第一名）解元-会元-状元的顺序19 耳提面命这个成语的意思是：A.长辈对晚辈的命令 B.长辈对晚辈的批评C.长辈对晚辈恳切的教导 D.长辈对晚辈的恳求20 对下列词语的解释，不正确的是：A.风树之悲 因父母去世而悲伤B.金兰之交 亲如兄弟的友情C.期颐之年 八、九十岁的年龄 （应指 100 岁）D.弄璋之喜 生了男孩的喜庆21 下列选项对“夏满芒夏暑相连”中节气的表述错误的是：A. “小满”表明了降水的时间和强度B. “芒种”反映了自然物候现象或农事活动C. “立夏”“夏至”体现了寒来暑往的季节变化D. “小暑”“大暑”表明了一年之中最热的时段