对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研2010年英译汉真题.docx

对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研 2010年英译汉真题Globalization is under strain as never before. Everywhere its stresses rumble. Most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Central Asia are mired in stagnation or economic decline. North America, Western Europe, and Japan are bogged down in slow growth and risk renewed recession. War now beckons in Iraq.For advocates of open markets and free trade this experience poses major challenges. Why is globalization so at risk? Why are its benefits seemingly concentrated in a few locations?Can a more balanced globalization be achieved?No easy answers to these questions exist. Open markets are necessary for economic growth,but they are hardly sufficient. Some regions of the world have done extremely well from globalization - notably East Asia and China in recent years. Yet some regions have done miserably, especially sub-Saharan Africa. The truth is that economic performance is determined not only by governance standards, but by geopolitics, geography, and economic structure.Countries with large populations, and hence large internal markets, tend to grow more rapidly than countries with small populations. (Like all such economic tendencies, there are counterexamples).Coastal countries tend to outperform landlocked countries. Countries with high levels of malaria tend to endure slower growth than countries with lower levels of malaria. Developing countries that neighbor rich markets, such as Mexico, tend to outperform countries far away from major markets.These differences matter. If rich countries dont pay heed to such structural issues, we will find that the gaps between the worlds winners and losers will continue to widen. If rich countries blame unlucky countries - claiming that they are somehow culturally or politically unfit to benefit from globalization - we will create not only deeper pockets of poverty but also deepening unrest. This, in turn, will result in increasing levels of violence, backlash, and yes,terrorism.